Spatial-temporal risk clusters, social vulnerability, and identification of priority areas for surveillance and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maranhão, Brazil: an ecological study

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Maranhão, Brazil and presents a significant public health problem. However, its transmission dynamics and determining factors are not clearly understood. In this context, geospatial technologies help interpret the pro...

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Published in:Journal of medical entomology 2024-03, Vol.61 (2), p.481-490
Main Authors: de Sousa Oliveira, Romário, Andrade Pimentel, Karen Brayner, Ribeiro da Silva, Rosa Cristina, Suely Guimarães-e-Silva, Antonia, Soares Moura, Maria Edileuza, Soares Pinheiro, Valéria Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bayes Theorem
Bayesian analysis
Brazil - epidemiology
Cities
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Ecological studies
Incidence
Information systems
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology
Parasitic diseases
Probability theory
Public health
Social Vulnerability
Vector-borne diseases
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Summary:Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Maranhão, Brazil and presents a significant public health problem. However, its transmission dynamics and determining factors are not clearly understood. In this context, geospatial technologies help interpret the process. This study, then, characterized the space–time dynamics and the influence of social vulnerability on CL in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil. This is an ecological study about new cases of CL in Maranhão, from 2007 to 2020, obtained directly from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The incidence rate was smoothed using a spatial empirical Bayesian method. Subsequently, global and local Moran statistics and their association with social vulnerability indicators were determined. Disease distribution was not random but grouped in space and time. All Social Vulnerability Index domains were positively correlated with the CL incidence. A likely cluster was detected in western Maranhão (P 
ISSN:0022-2585
1938-2928
1938-2928
DOI:10.1093/jme/tjad163