Anti-Bacterial and Immunostimulatory Properties of Ulvan-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Use in Aquaculture

Alternative prophylactic strategies to limit farm animal infection are needed in order to avoid the use of antibiotics. Anti-bacterial and immunostimulatory properties of bioactive compounds are of great interest in aquaculture. Marine derived polysaccharides, such as chitosan and ulvan, together wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2024-02, Vol.26 (1), p.19-27
Main Authors: Ponce, Marian, Zuasti, Eugenia, Anguís, Victoria, Fernández-Díaz, Catalina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology
Algae
Animals
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotics
Aquaculture
Bacteria
Bioactive compounds
Biological properties
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chitosan
Disease control
Engineering
Fish
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Gene expression
Immune system
Immunity
Immunostimulants
Immunostimulation
Juveniles
Life Sciences
Lysozyme
Microbiology
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Oral administration
Pathogens
Photobacterium
Polyculture (aquaculture)
Polysaccharides
Saccharides
Seaweeds
Vaccines
Zoology
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Summary:Alternative prophylactic strategies to limit farm animal infection are needed in order to avoid the use of antibiotics. Anti-bacterial and immunostimulatory properties of bioactive compounds are of great interest in aquaculture. Marine derived polysaccharides, such as chitosan and ulvan, together with nanotechnology, have become the focus of attention in the scientific community due to their wide range of biological properties. In this work, chitosan and ulvan-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (referred as CS-TPP NPs and CS-UL-TPP NPs, respectively), obtained by the ionotropic gelation method, had round shape, and the mean sizes were 137.00 ± 5.44 and 325.50 ± 4.95 nm, respectively. No study about the anti-bacterial activity of both types of NPs against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida , an important fish pathogen, has been reported so far. Furthermore, the potential immunostimulatory effects of CS-UL-TPP NPs after oral administration in fish have not yet been evaluated. The percentage of bacterial inhibition against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was determined through in vitro assays, and it was significantly higher in CS-UL-TPP NPs than in CS-TPP NPs at concentrations below 0.03 mg mL −1 . The effects on the immune system of CS-TPP and CS-UL-TPP NPs were evaluated in Solea senegalensis juveniles at 30 days after oral administration. Lysozyme activity as well as gene expression levels of il1b , il6 , hamp1 , tf and c3 was significantly higher in CS-UL-TPP NP-treated groups than in the controls, and no significant differences were observed in CS-TPP NP-treated groups. Thus, ulvan extracted from the macroalgae Ulva ohnoi could improve anti-bacterial and immunostimulant properties of CS-TPP NPs thereby making them suitable to be used as vaccine adjuvant or as immunostimulant.
ISSN:1436-2228
1436-2236
DOI:10.1007/s10126-023-10272-x