An Update Overview on Mechanistic Data and Biomarker Levels in Cobalt and Chromium-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases

There is increasing evidence that the imbalance of metals as cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) may increase the risk of development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The human exposure to Co and Cr is derived mostly from industry, orthopedic implants, and polluted environments. Neuro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological trace element research 2024-08, Vol.202 (8), p.3538-3564
Main Authors: Ajibo, Doris Nnena, Orish, Chinna Nneka, Ruggieri, Flavia, Bocca, Beatrice, Battistini, Beatrice, Frazzoli, Chiara, Orish, Fortune Chimelie, Orisakwe, Orish E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Biochemistry
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Brain damage
Brain research
Brief Report
Cancer
Chromium
Chromium - adverse effects
Chromium - toxicity
Cobalt
Cobalt - adverse effects
Cobalt - toxicity
Disease
DNA damage
Drinking water
Epigenetics
Fluids
Genomic instability
Heavy metals
Humans
In vivo methods and tests
Life Sciences
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Memory
Metals
Motor neuron diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases - chemically induced
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurotoxicity
Nutrition
Olfaction
Oncology
Orthopaedic implants
Orthopedics
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Peroxidation
Polluted environments
Prostheses
Public health
Signs and symptoms
Spatial memory
Toxicity
Trace elements
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Summary:There is increasing evidence that the imbalance of metals as cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) may increase the risk of development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The human exposure to Co and Cr is derived mostly from industry, orthopedic implants, and polluted environments. Neurological effects of Co and Cr include memory deficit, olfactory dysfunction, spatial disorientation, motor neuron disease, and brain cancer. Mechanisms of Co and Cr neurotoxicity included DNA damage and genomic instability, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial disturbance, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This paper seeks to overview the Co and Cr sources, the mechanisms by which these metals induce NDDs, and their levels in fluids of the general population and patients affected by NDDs. To this end, evidence of Co and Cr unbalance in the human body, mechanistic data, and neurological symptoms were collected using in vivo mammalian studies and human samples.
ISSN:0163-4984
1559-0720
1559-0720
DOI:10.1007/s12011-023-03965-w