A 4-year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods

The main objective of the research was to study the environmental “price” of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus- inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-12, Vol.30 (60), p.125596-125608
Main Authors: Gubó, Eduárd, Plutzer, Judit, Molnár, Tibor, Pordán-Háber, Dóra, Szabó, Lili, Szalai, Zoltán, Gubó, Richard, Szakál, Pál, Szakál, Tamás, Környei, László, Bede-Fazekas, Ákos, Kalocsai, Renátó
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
17β-Estradiol
Analytical methods
Animal husbandry
Animals
Antibiotics
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bisphenol A
Cattle
Dairy cattle
Dairy farming
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Endocrine disruptors
Endocrine Disruptors - chemistry
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Pollutants - pharmacology
Estradiol - chemistry
Estrogens
Estrogens - chemistry
Estrus
Food chains
Genetic modification
Green chemistry
Hormones
Humans
In vitro methods and tests
Manures
Methods
Milk
Milk production
Pharmaceuticals
Pollutants
R&D
Research & development
Research Article
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sex hormones
Slurries
Steroids
Veterinary Drugs
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution Control
Xenoestrogens
Yeast
Yeasts
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Summary:The main objective of the research was to study the environmental “price” of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus- inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a dairy cow farm. These micropollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can be dangerous to the normal reproductive functions even at ng/kg concentration. One of them, 17ß-estradiol, has a 20,000 times stronger estrogenic effect than bisphenol-A, a widely known EDC of industrial origin. While most studies on EDCs are short-term and/or laboratory based, this study is longitudinal and field-based. We sampled the slurry pool on a quarterly basis between 2017 and 2020. Our purpose was testing the estrogenic effects using a dual approach. As an effect-based, holistic method, we developed and used the YES (yeast estrogen screen) test employing the genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505 strain which contains human estrogenic receptor. For testing exact molecules, UHPLC-FLD was used. Our study points out that slurry contains a growing amount of EDCs with the risk of penetrating into the soil, crops and the food chain. Considering the Green Chemistry concept, the most benign ways to prevent of the pollution of the slurry is choosing appropriate oestrus -inducing veterinary pharmaceuticals (OIVPs) and the separation of the solid and liquid parts with adequate treatment methods. To our knowledge, this is the first paper on the adaptation of the YES test for medicine and slurry samples, extending its applicability. The adapted YES test turned out to be a sensitive, robust and reliable method for testing samples with potential estrogenic effect. Our dual approach was successful in evaluating the estrogenic effect of the slurry samples. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1614-7499
0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y