Arbovirus surveillance in pregnant women in north-central Nigeria, 2019-2022

The adverse impact of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infection in pregnancy has been recognized in Latin America and Asia but is not well studied in Africa. Although originally discovered in sub-Saharan Africa the non-specific clinical presentation of arbovirus infection m...

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Published in:Journal of clinical virology 2023-12, Vol.169, p.105616-105616, Article 105616
Main Authors: Ogwuche, Jerry, Chang, Charlotte Ajeong, Ige, Olukemi, Sagay, Atiene S, Chaplin, Beth, Kahansim, Makshwar L, Paul, Michael, Elujoba, Michael, Imade, Godwin, Kweashi, Georgenia, Dai, Yu-Ching, Hsieh, Szu-Chia, Wang, Wei-Kung, Hamel, Donald J, Kanki, Phyllis J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arbovirus Infections - epidemiology
Arboviruses
Chikungunya Fever - diagnosis
Chikungunya virus
Dengue - diagnosis
Dengue Virus
Female
Humans
Immunoglobulin M
Infant
Nigeria - epidemiology
Pregnancy
Pregnant Women
Prospective Studies
Zika Virus
Zika Virus Infection - complications
Zika Virus Infection - diagnosis
Zika Virus Infection - epidemiology
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Summary:The adverse impact of Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infection in pregnancy has been recognized in Latin America and Asia but is not well studied in Africa. Although originally discovered in sub-Saharan Africa the non-specific clinical presentation of arbovirus infection may have hampered our detection of adverse clinical outcomes and outbreak. This prospective study of arbovirus infection in pregnant women in north-central Nigeria sought to characterize the prevalence of acute arbovirus infection and determine the impact on pregnancy and infant outcomes. In Nigeria, we screened 1006 pregnant women for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV IgM/IgG by rapid test (2019-2022). Women with acute infection were recruited for prospective study and infants were examined for any abnormalities from delivery through six months. A subset of rapid test-reactive samples were confirmed using virus-specific ELISAs and neutralization assays. The prevalence of acute infection (IgM+) was 3.8 %, 9.9 % and 11.8 % for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV, respectively; co-infections represented 24.5 % of all infections. The prevalence in asymptomatic women was twice the level of symptomatic infection. We found a significant association between acute maternal ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV infection and any gross abnormal birth outcome (p = 0.014). Over three rainy seasons, regular acute infection with ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV was observed with significantly higher rates in pregnant women without symptoms. The potential association arbovirus infection with abnormal birth outcome warrants further prospective study to ascertain the clinical significance of these endemic arboviruses in Africa.
ISSN:1386-6532
1873-5967
DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105616