Microbial Waterborne Diseases in India: Status, Interventions, and Future Perspectives

Water plays a vital role as a natural resource since life is unsustainable without it. If water is polluted or contaminated, it results in several health issues among people. Millions of people are infected with waterborne diseases globally, and India is no exception. In the present review, we have...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current microbiology 2023-12, Vol.80 (12), p.400-400, Article 400
Main Authors: Sharma, Mamta D., Mishra, Puranjan, Ali, Aaliya, Kumar, Pradeep, Kapil, Prachi, Grover, Rahul, Verma, Rekha, Saini, Anita, Kulshrestha, Saurabh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial diseases
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Cholera
Climate change
Climate effects
Diarrhea
Disease hot spots
Fatalities
Health risks
Hepatitis
Hygiene
Life Sciences
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Natural resources
Outbreaks
Review Article
Risk factors
Sanitation
Shigellosis
Typhoid
Water pollution
Waterborne diseases
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Summary:Water plays a vital role as a natural resource since life is unsustainable without it. If water is polluted or contaminated, it results in several health issues among people. Millions of people are infected with waterborne diseases globally, and India is no exception. In the present review, we have analyzed the outbreaks of waterborne diseases that occurred in several Indian states between 2014 and 2020, identified the key infections, and provided insights into the performance of sanitation improvement programs. We noted that acute diarrheal disease (ADD), typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, and shigellosis are common waterborne diseases in India. These diseases have caused about 11,728 deaths between 2014 and 2018 out of which 10,738 deaths occurred only after 2017. The outbreaks of these diseases have been rising because of a lack of adequate sanitation, poor hygiene, and the absence of proper disposal systems. Despite various efforts by the government such as awareness campaigns, guidance on diet for infected individuals, and sanitation improvement programs, the situation is still grim. Disease hotspots and risk factors must be identified, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services must be improved, and ongoing policies must be effectively implemented to improve the situation. The efforts must be customized to the local environment. In addition, the possible effects of climate change must be projected, and strategies must be accordingly optimized.
ISSN:0343-8651
1432-0991
DOI:10.1007/s00284-023-03462-2