A bimodal nomogram as an adjunct tool to reduce unnecessary breast biopsy following discordant ultrasonic and mammographic BI-RADS assessment

Objective To develop a bimodal nomogram to reduce unnecessary biopsies in breast lesions with discordant ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessments. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 706 women following opportunistic screening or diagn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European radiology 2024-04, Vol.34 (4), p.2608-2618
Main Authors: Xu, Ziting, Lin, Yue, Huo, Jiekun, Gao, Yang, Lu, Jiayin, Liang, Yu, Li, Lian, Jiang, Zhouyue, Du, Lingli, Lang, Ting, Wen, Ge, Li, Yingjia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Assessments
Biopsy
Breast
Breast cancer
Breast Neoplasms - pathology
Consistency
Coupling
Data systems
Decision making
Decisions
Diagnostic Radiology
Female
Health care facilities
Humans
Imaging
Internal Medicine
Interventional Radiology
Lesions
Malignancy
Mammography
Mammography - methods
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neuroradiology
Nomograms
Radiology
Regression analysis
Retrospective Studies
Risk factors
Statistical analysis
Ultrasonics
Ultrasound
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Summary:Objective To develop a bimodal nomogram to reduce unnecessary biopsies in breast lesions with discordant ultrasound (US) and mammography (MG) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessments. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 706 women following opportunistic screening or diagnosis with discordant US and MG BI-RADS assessments (where one assessed a lesion as BI-RADS 4 or 5, while the other assessed the same lesion as BI-RADS 0, 2, or 3) from two medical centres between June 2019 and June 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the nomogram. DeLong’s and McNemar’s tests were used to assess the model’s performance. Results Age, MG features (margin, shape, and density in masses, suspicious calcifications, and architectural distortion), and US features (margin and shape in masses as well as calcifications) were independent risk factors for breast cancer. The nomogram obtained an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–0.91), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87 – 0.96), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.98) in the training, internal validation, and external testing samples, respectively, and demonstrated consistency in calibration curves. Coupling the nomogram with US reduced unnecessary biopsies from 74 to 44% and the missed malignancies rate from 13 to 2%. Similarly, coupling with MG reduced missed malignancies from 20 to 6%, and 63% of patients avoided unnecessary biopsies. Interobserver agreement between US and MG increased from – 0.708 (poor agreement) to 0.700 (substantial agreement) with the nomogram. Conclusion When US and MG BI-RADS assessments are discordant, incorporating the nomogram may improve the diagnostic accuracy, avoid unnecessary breast biopsies, and minimise missed diagnoses. Clinical relevance statement The nomogram developed in this study could be used as a computer program to assist radiologists with detecting breast cancer and ensuring more precise management and improved treatment decisions for breast lesions with discordant assessments in clinical practice. Key Points • Coupling the nomogram with US and mammography improves the detection of breast cancers without the risk of unnecessary biopsy or missed malignancies. • The nomogram increases mammography and US interobserver agreement and enhances the consistency of decision-making. • The nomogram has the potential to be a computer program to assist radiologists in identifying breast cancer and making optimal decisions.
ISSN:1432-1084
0938-7994
1432-1084
DOI:10.1007/s00330-023-10255-5