Integrated analysis of marine biotoxins and contaminants of emerging concern in bivalve mollusks from Santa Catarina, Brazil

Santa Catarina is the main producer state of oysters and mussels in Brazil, reaching 98 % of national production. To assure the safety of bivalve mollusks production, control programs of marine biotoxins (MBs) have been continuously performed. Herein, the co-occurrence of MBs and contaminants of eme...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2023-12, Vol.905, p.167254-167254, Article 167254
Main Authors: Bosch-Orea, Cristina, Kleemann, Cristian Rafael, Deolindo, Carolina Turnes Pasini, Molognoni, Luciano, Dallegrave, Alexsandro, Daguer, Heitor, de Oliveira Costa, Ana Carolina, Hoff, Rodrigo Barcellos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Domoic acid
Matrix solid phase dispersion
Mussel
Okadaic acid
Oyster
Pressurized liquid extraction
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Summary:Santa Catarina is the main producer state of oysters and mussels in Brazil, reaching 98 % of national production. To assure the safety of bivalve mollusks production, control programs of marine biotoxins (MBs) have been continuously performed. Herein, the co-occurrence of MBs and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in oyster and mussels from the main production sites of Santa Catarina was reported, covering 178 compounds. Samples of wild and non-cultivated oysters and mussels were also assessed. Chemometric tools were used to evaluate and optimize several sample preparation techniques such as solid-liquid, ultrasound assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction. The optimized protocol was based on ultrasound assisted extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed the incidence of several CECs and MBs. In the case of MBs, all results were below the regulatory limits for both cultivated and non-cultivated samples. Wild mollusks have shown a higher number of compounds. Regarding CECs, the more frequent compounds were caffeine, diclofenac, meloxicam, and sertraline. Domoic acid and okadaic acid were the main toxins detected. The results highlighted the need of monitoring for MBs and the potential of oyster and mussels as sentinel organisms to risk analysis of CECs in coastal regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to describe a simultaneous sample preparation and analysis of CECs and MBs in bivalve mollusks, as well as the first report of meloxicam and florfenicol in mussels and oysters. [Display omitted] •First method for marine biotoxins (MBs) and CECs analysis in bivalves.•MBs and CECs, including pharmaceuticals, were found in oysters and mussels.•Sample preparation techniques were developed and optimized using chemometric analysis.•Okadaic acid was the main MBs detected and quantified in the study.•Wild oysters seem to be more susceptible than farmed ones to CECs occurrence.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167254