Quantitative diffusion-weighted MRI response assessment in rhabdomyosarcoma: an international retrospective study on behalf of the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group Imaging Committee

Objective To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) as a predictive imaging marker after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. Material and methods We performed a multicenter retrospective study including pediatric, adolescent and...

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Published in:Pediatric radiology 2023-11, Vol.53 (12), p.2539-2551
Main Authors: van Ewijk, Roelof, Chatziantoniou, Cyrano, Adams, Madeleine, Bertolini, Patrizia, Bisogno, Gianni, Bouhamama, Amine, Caro-Dominguez, Pablo, Charon, Valerie, Coma, Ana, Dandis, Rana, Devalck, Christine, De Donno, Giulia, Ferrari, Andrea, Fiocco, Marta, Gallego, Soledad, Giraudo, Chiara, Glosli, Heidi, ter Horst, Simone A. J., Jenney, Meriel, Klein, Willemijn M., Leemans, Alexander, Leseur, Julie, Mandeville, Henry C., McHugh, Kieran, Merks, Johannes H. M., Minard-Colin, Veronique, Moalla, Salma, Morosi, Carlo, Orbach, Daniel, Ording Muller, Lil-Sofie, Pace, Erika, Di Paolo, Pier Luigi, Perruccio, Katia, Quaglietta, Lucia, Renard, Marleen, van Rijn, Rick R., Ruggiero, Antonio, Sirvent, Sara I., De Luca, Alberto, Schoot, Reineke A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescents
Alveoli
Chemotherapy
Diagnosis
Diffusion coefficient
Hemorrhage
Heterogeneity
Histology
Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Necrosis
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Original Article
Patients
Pediatrics
Radiology
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcoma
Soft tissues
Tumors
Ultrasound
Young adults
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Summary:Objective To investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) as a predictive imaging marker after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. Material and methods We performed a multicenter retrospective study including pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study group III/IV, treated according to the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (E p SSG) RMS2005 or MTS2008 studies. DW-MRI was performed according to institutional protocols. We performed two-dimensional single-slice tumor delineation. Areas of necrosis or hemorrhage were delineated to be excluded in the primary analysis. Mean, median and 5th and 95th apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were extracted. Results Of 134 included patients, 82 had measurable tumor at diagnosis and response and DW-MRI scans of adequate quality and were included in the analysis. Technical heterogeneity in scan acquisition protocols and scanners was observed. Mean ADC at diagnosis was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.2) (all ADC expressed in * 10 −3 mm 2 /s), versus 1.6 (1.5–1.6) at response assessment. The 5th percentile ADC was 0.8 (0.7–0.9) at diagnosis and 1.1 (1.0–1.2) at response. Absolute change in mean ADC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 0.4 (0.3–0.5). Exploratory analyses for association between ADC and clinical parameters showed a significant difference in mean ADC at diagnosis for alveolar versus embryonal histology. Landmark analysis at nine weeks after the date of diagnosis showed no significant association (hazard ratio 1.3 [0.6–3.2]) between the mean ADC change and event-free survival. Conclusion A significant change in the 5th percentile and the mean ADC after chemotherapy was observed. Strong heterogeneity was identified in DW-MRI acquisition protocols between centers and in individual patients. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1432-1998
0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-023-05745-z