Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19: a narrative review

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the main pathogen in the COVID-19 pandemic. This viral infection has been associated with several respiratory and non-respiratory complications contributing to a higher mortality rate, especially in patients with underlying heart disea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta Cardiologica 2024-05, Vol.79 (3), p.267-273
Main Authors: Bilehjani, Eissa, Fakhari, Solmaz, Farzin, Haleh, Tajlil, Arezou, Nader, Nader D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - diagnosis
COVID-19 - therapy
Humans
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2
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Summary:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the main pathogen in the COVID-19 pandemic. This viral infection has been associated with several respiratory and non-respiratory complications contributing to a higher mortality rate, especially in patients with underlying heart diseases worldwide. Once considered a respiratory tract disease, it is now well-known that COVID-19 patients may experience a wide range of cardiac manifestations. Because of its remarkable direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system, herein, we examined the published literature that studied the hypothetical mechanisms of injury, manifestations, and diagnostic modalities, including changes in molecular biomarkers with a predictive value in the prognostication of the disease, as well as emerging evidence regarding the long-term cardiac complications of the disease.
ISSN:0001-5385
1784-973X
0373-7934
DOI:10.1080/00015385.2023.2246200