Physical properties of multifunctional TM-doped ZnO nanorods and their photocatalytic and anti-bacterial activities

Dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn 1− x Cu x O ( x  = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method. The impact of dopant concentration on the physical properties was investigated along with the anti-bacterial and photocatalytic activities. Synthesis of ZnO nanorods was confirme...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-09, Vol.30 (42), p.95860-95874
Main Authors: Zaman, Yasir, Ishaque, Muhammad Zahid, Yousaf, Yasir, Shahzad, Muhammad, Siddique, Abu Bakar, Arshad, Muhammad Imran, Sajid, Muhammad, Ali, Nisar, Nabi, Ghulam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibacterial activity
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bacteria
Catalysts
Copper
Dopants
Doppler effect
Dyes
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Ferromagnetism
Functional groups
Gram-negative bacteria
Hysteresis loops
Light sources
Magnetic semiconductors
Nanorods
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
Physical properties
Red shift
Research Article
Scanning electron microscopy
Spectra
Synthesis
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Wurtzite
X-ray diffraction
Zinc oxide
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Summary:Dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn 1− x Cu x O ( x  = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method. The impact of dopant concentration on the physical properties was investigated along with the anti-bacterial and photocatalytic activities. Synthesis of ZnO nanorods was confirmed by the characteristic band at 380 nm in UV–Visible spectra of the synthesized samples. A red shift in absorbance spectra was observed from 380 to 465 nm with an increase in dopant concentration. The hexagonal wurtzite geometry and rod-like morphology of Cu-doped ZnO nanorods having an average size of 29 nm were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. An increase in the crystallinity of the material was observed with an increase in the dopant (Cu) ratio without any alteration in geometry. EDX analysis was used to confirm the purity of samples. FTIR spectra were recorded to explore the functional group present in samples. The hysteresis loop drawn by a vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) was utilized to analyze the ferromagnetic behavior. As-synthesized pure and Cu–ZnO nanorods were evaluated for their photocatalytic behavior for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. Zn 1 − x Cu x O with x  = 4.5%, pH 3, and catalyst dosage of 0.5 g has shown the maximum efficiency. Results elucidated > 81% degradation of MO dye with a rate constant ( k ) value of − 1.930 × 10 −2  min −1 in just 90 min of exposure to a visible light source. ZnO nanorods have also exhibited anti-bacterial potential against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria. However, smaller size nanorods were found more effective to suppress the growth of gram-negative bacteria. A slight decrease (11%) in catalytic potential was observed in the 5th cycle during recycling and reuse experiments.
ISSN:1614-7499
0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-29163-8