COVID-19 recurrence is related to disease-early profile T cells while detection of anti-S1 IgG is related to multifunctional T cells

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads from asymptomatic to severe outcomes. The recurrence of the COVID-19 has been described, however, mechanisms involved remains unclear. Thus, the work aimed to investigate the role of multifunctional T cells in patients with recurrent COVID-19. We...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical microbiology and immunology 2023-10, Vol.212 (5), p.339-347
Main Authors: Santos, Camilla Natália O., Caldas, Gustavo C., de Oliveira, Fabricia A., da Silva, Angela Maria, da Silva, João S., da Silva, Ricardo Luís L., de Jesus, Amélia R., Magalhães, Lucas S., de Almeida, Roque P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
CD4 antigen
COVID-19
Immunoglobulin G
Immunology
Interleukin 2
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Medical Microbiology
Nucleocapsids
Original Investigation
Phenotypes
Seroconversion
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Vaccination
Virology
γ-Interferon
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Summary:COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads from asymptomatic to severe outcomes. The recurrence of the COVID-19 has been described, however, mechanisms involved remains unclear. Thus, the work aimed to investigate the role of multifunctional T cells in patients with recurrent COVID-19. We evaluated clinical characteristics, presence of anti-S1 and anti-Nucleocapsid IgG in patients’ sera, and multifunctional T cells (for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) in patients with multiple episodes of COVID-19 and controls. Data demonstrate that patients with recurrent COVID-19 have a T cell pattern predominantly related to IFN-γ production. Also, patients with COVID-19 history and absence of anti-S1 IgG had lower levels of CD4+ IFN + IL-2 + TNF + T cells independently of number of disease episodes. Complementary, vaccination changed the patterns of T cells phenotypes and induced IgG seroconversion, despite not induce higher levels of multifunctional T cells in all patients. In conclusion, the data suggest that recurrent disease is related to early-disease T cell profile and absence of anti-S1 IgG is related to lower multifunctional CD4 T cell response, what suggests possibility of new episodes of COVID-19 in these patients.
ISSN:0300-8584
1432-1831
1432-1831
DOI:10.1007/s00430-023-00776-7