Early maladaptive schemas and addictive behaviours: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background Recently, early maladaptive schemas have been increasingly focused as the underlying factor of several psychopathologies. The primary objective is to systematically review and meta‐analytically analyse the evidence on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and types of addicti...

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Published in:Clinical psychology and psychotherapy 2023-11, Vol.30 (6), p.1416-1432
Main Authors: Sakulsriprasert, Chaiyun, Thawornwutichat, Ratipan, Phukao, Darunee, Guadamuz, Thomas E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Addictive behaviors
addictive behaviours
Autonomy
behavioural addiction
early maladaptive schemas
Meta-analysis
Risk factors
schema therapy
substance use disorder
Systematic review
Young's schema model
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Summary:Background Recently, early maladaptive schemas have been increasingly focused as the underlying factor of several psychopathologies. The primary objective is to systematically review and meta‐analytically analyse the evidence on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and types of addictive behaviours. Additionally, the secondary objective was to examine potential moderators of the effect sizes. Methods The systematic search was conducted on three databases including ‘Scopus’, ‘Web of Science’ and ‘PubMed’. They were searched for quantitative studies investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and addictive behaviours. The studies that were non‐English and had insufficient information to calculate effect sizes were excluded. The random‐effect model was utilized to estimate the pool effect sizes, and the meta‐regression was used for moderation analysis. Results Thirty‐three studies with 12,577 participants were included for analyses. Most of included studies were conducted in the United States (k = 12, 36.36%). The mean ages of participants varied from 13.32 to 46.09 years. The findings indicated that all of early maladaptive schemas and schema domains positively correlated with addictive behaviours. The disconnection and rejection, impaired limits and impaired autonomy were the domains with the highest association with substance addictions (pool r = 0.338, 3.26 and 3.16, respectively). Furthermore, disconnection and rejection and impaired autonomy were the schema domains with the highest association with behavioural addictions (0.310 and 0.304, respectively). The moderation analysis demonstrated that study design was the factor affecting the effect sizes between schema domain and addictive behaviours. Limitation All included studies were from peer‐reviewed journals in English. Moreover, the number of research examining the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions was limited. Conclusion The findings provide evidence supporting the idea that substance addictions and behavioural addictions have shared risk factors, supporting the validity of the schema model, which can be applied for targeting and preventing addictive behaviours.
ISSN:1063-3995
1099-0879
DOI:10.1002/cpp.2882