18β-glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice through activation of microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype

Rationale 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the therapeutic effect of 18β-GA in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been defined. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of 18β-GA in...

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Published in:Psychopharmacology 2023-09, Vol.240 (9), p.1947-1961
Main Authors: Luo, Hanyue, Zhang, Caishi, He, Lujuan, Lin, Zefang, Zhang, Ji-chun, Qi, Qi, Chen, Jia-xu, Yao, Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Inflammation
Microglia
Movement disorders
MPP
MPTP
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroprotection
Neurosciences
Neurotoxicity
Original Investigation
Parkinson's disease
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Phenotypes
Psychiatry
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Summary:Rationale 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the therapeutic effect of 18β-GA in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been defined. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of 18β-GA in treating PD by mitigating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. Results The study showed that 18β-GA has anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating TREM2 expression in BV2 cells, which correlates with the presence of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 18β-GA reduced inflammation in BV2 cells treated with 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP + ) by enhancing TREM2 expression, which promotes an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype. Repeated administration of 18β-GA in MPTP-treated mice led to therapeutic effects by enhancing TREM2 expression, resulting in the activation of anti-inflammatory microglia. Moreover, 18β-GA attenuated the decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in both MPP + -induced BV2 cells and MPTP-intoxicated mice, indicating the involvement of BDNF in the beneficial effects of 18β-GA. Conclusions It is probable that activating microglial anti-inflammatory response through TREM2 expression might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for PD. Additionally, 18β-GA seems to hold potential as a new therapeutic agent for PD.
ISSN:0033-3158
1432-2072
DOI:10.1007/s00213-023-06415-6