Exercise training, dietary intervention, or combined interventions and their effects on lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of Ex (exercise training) vs. DI (dietary intervention) vs. combined Ex and DI on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2023-09, Vol.33 (9), p.1662-1683
Main Authors: Khalafi, Mousa, Sakhaei, Mohammad Hossein, Kazeminasab, Fatemeh, Rosenkranz, Sara K., Symonds, Michael E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Dietary intervention
Exercise training
Lipid profiles
Obesity
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Summary:We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of Ex (exercise training) vs. DI (dietary intervention) vs. combined Ex and DI on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in adults with overweight and obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify original articles published until March 2022, using keywords for the categories “exercise training,” “dietary intervention,” “overweight and obesity,” and “randomized.” Studies that included lipid profiles as outcomes and performed in adults with body mass indexes (BMIs) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were included. A total of 80 studies involving 4804 adult participants were included in the meta-analysis. Ex was not as effective as DI for reducing TC and TG and was less effective for reducing LDL. In addition, Ex increased HDL to a greater extent than DI. Combined interventions decreased TC, TG, and LDL but did not increase HDL more than Ex alone. Combined interventions failed to reduce TC or LDL but decreased TG and increased HDL more than DI alone. Our results suggest that the combination of Ex and DI can be more effective than either Ex or DI alone in improving lipid profiles in adults with overweight and obesity. •Dietary intervention reduced TC and TG but did not have a greater effect on LDL compared with exercise training.•Exercise training increased HDL to a greater extent than dietary intervention.•Dietary intervention plus exercise training decreased TC, TG, and LDL but did not increase HDL more than exercise training alone.•Dietary intervention plus exercise training failed to reduce TC or LDL but decreased TG and increased HDL more than dietary intervention alone.
ISSN:0939-4753
1590-3729
DOI:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.024