Ubiquity of Amino Accelerators and Antioxidants in Road Dust from Multiple Land Types: Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis

Amino accelerators and antioxidants (AAL/Os), as well as their degradation derivatives, are industrial additives of emerging concern due to their massive production and use (particularly in rubber tires), pervasiveness in the environment, and documented adverse effects. This study delineated their i...

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Published in:Environmental science & technology 2023-07, Vol.57 (28), p.10361-10372
Main Authors: Jin, Ruihe, Wu, Yan, He, Qun, Sun, Pei, Chen, Qiqing, Xia, Chunjie, Huang, Ye, Yang, Jing, Liu, Min
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accelerators
Additives
Agriculture
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - analysis
Benzoquinones - analysis
Congeners
Dust
Dust - analysis
Environmental Monitoring
Guanidine
Guanidines - analysis
Health risks
Human influences
Humans
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Occurrence, Fate, and Transport of Aquatic and Terrestrial Contaminants
Phenylenediamine
Phenylenediamines - analysis
Quinones
Roads
Spatial distribution
Suburban areas
Tires
Toxicity
Toxicology
Urban agriculture
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Summary:Amino accelerators and antioxidants (AAL/Os), as well as their degradation derivatives, are industrial additives of emerging concern due to their massive production and use (particularly in rubber tires), pervasiveness in the environment, and documented adverse effects. This study delineated their inter-regional variations in road dust collected from urban/suburb, agricultural, and forest areas, and screened for less-studied AAL/O analogues with high-resolution mass spectrometry. 1,3-Diphenyl­guanidine (DPG; median concentration: 121 ng/g) and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylene­diamine quinone (6PPD-Q; 9.75 ng/g) are the most abundant congeners, constituting 69.7% and 41.4% of the total concentrations of AAL/Os (192 ng/g) and those of AAO transformation products (22.3 ng/g), respectively. The spatial distribution across the studied sites suggests evident human impacts, reflected by the pronounced urban signature and vehicle-originated pollution. Our nontargeted analysis of the most-contaminated road dust identified 16 AAL/O-related chemicals, many of which have received little investigation. Particularly, environmental and toxicological information remains extremely scarce for five out of the 10 most concerning compounds prioritized in terms of their dusty residues and toxicity including 1,2-diphenyl-3-cyclohexyl­guanidine (DPCG), N,N′′-bis[2-(propan-2-yl)­phenyl]­guanidine (BPPG), and N-(4-anilinophenyl)­formamide (PPD-CHO). Additionally, dicyclo­hexylamine (DChA), broadly applied as an antioxidant in automobile products, had an even greater median level than DPG. Therefore, future research on their health risks and (eco)­toxic potential is of high importance.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.3c01448