Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial

The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. W...

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Published in:Atherosclerosis 2023-07, Vol.377, p.12-23
Main Authors: González-Palacios, Sandra, Oncina-Cánovas, Alejandro, García-de-la-Hera, Manuela, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Corella, Dolores, Schröder, Helmut, Martínez, J. Alfredo, Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M., Wärnberg, Julia, Romaguera, Dora, López-Miranda, José, Estruch, Ramon, Tinahones, Francisco J., Lapetra, José, Serra-Majem, J. Luís, Cano-Ibañez, Naomi, Tur, Josep A., Martín-Sánchez, Vicente, Pintó, Xavier, Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel, Matía-Martín, Pilar, Vidal, Josep, Vázquez, Clotilde, Daimiel, Lidia, Ros, Emili, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, Atzeni, Alessandro, Sorli, Jose V., Zomeño, M. Dolors, Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J., Compañ-Gabucio, Laura M., Barón-López, Francisco J., Zulet, María Ángeles, Konieczna, Jadwiga, Casas, Rosa M., Garrido-Garrido, Eva M., Tojal-Sierra, Lucas, Gomez-Perez, Ana M., Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Palau, Antoni, Saiz, Carmen, Pérez-Vega, Karla A., Garcia-Rios, Antonio, Torres-Collado, Laura, Basterra-Gortari, Javier, Garcidueñas-Fimbres, Tany E., Malcampo, Mireia, Vioque, Jesús
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Diet - adverse effects
Fast Foods - adverse effects
Fasting blood glucose
Food, Processed
Humans
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis
Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
Triglycerides
Ultra-processed foods
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Summary:The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55–75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables. In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, β = 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, β = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, β = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, β = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, β = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, β = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, β = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (β = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08). Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods. [Display omitted] •Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with unfavourable cardiometabolic risk factors.•Participants with higher ultra-processed food consumption showed higher weight and body mass index.•Higher ultra-processed food consumption was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure.•Higher ultra-processed food consumption was related to unfavourable diabetes mellitus indicators.•Participants with higher ultra-processed food consumption showed unfavourable triglycerides profiles.
ISSN:0021-9150
1879-1484
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.022