Anthocyanins ameliorate obesity-associated metainflammation: Preclinical and clinical evidence

The growing rates of obesity worldwide call for intervention strategies to help control the pathophysiological consequences of weight gain. The use of natural foods and bioactive compounds has been suggested as such a strategy because of their recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties....

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Published in:Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2023-06, Vol.114, p.50-70
Main Authors: Santamarina, Aline B., Calder, Philip C., Estadella, Debora, Pisani, Luciana P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthocyanins - metabolism
Anthocyanins - pharmacology
Anthocyanins - therapeutic use
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Antioxidants - therapeutic use
Bioactive compounds
Gut microbiota
Humans
Inflammation - drug therapy
Insulin Resistance
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - drug therapy
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidative stress
Polyphenols
TLR4/NFκB pathway
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Summary:The growing rates of obesity worldwide call for intervention strategies to help control the pathophysiological consequences of weight gain. The use of natural foods and bioactive compounds has been suggested as such a strategy because of their recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. For example, polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, are candidates for managing obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Obesity is well known for the presence of metainflammation, which has been labeled as an inflammatory activation that leads to a variety of metabolic disorders, usually related to increased oxidative stress. Considering this, anthocyanins may be promising natural compounds able to modulate several intracellular mechanisms, mitigating oxidative stress and metainflammation. A wide variety of foods and extracts rich in anthocyanins have become the focus of research in the field of obesity. Here, we bring together the current knowledge regarding the use of anthocyanins as an intervention tested in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials to modulate metainflammation. Most recent research applies a wide variety of extracts and natural sources of anthocyanins, in diverse experimental models, which represents a limitation of the research field. However, the literature is sufficiently consistent to establish that the in-depth molecular analysis of gut microbiota, insulin signaling, TLR4-triggered inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways reveals their modulation by anthocyanins. These targets are interconnected at the cellular level and interact with one another, leading to obesity-associated metainflammation. Thus, the positive findings with anthocyanins observed in preclinical models might directly relate to the positive outcomes in clinical studies. In summary and based on the entirety of the relevant literature, anthocyanins can mitigate obesity-related perturbations in gut microbiota, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may contribute as a therapeutic tool in people living with obesity. The obesity state of metainflammation triggers insulin resistance and liver steatosis associated with increased pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress markers and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Anthocyanins counteract obesity-associated adverse health effects, restoring antioxidant enzyme activities and anti-inflammatory markers, improving insulin resistance and liver steatosis, and reshaping a healthy gut microbiota. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0271-5317
1879-0739
DOI:10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.004