Complete prevalence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors in comparison to other cancers in the United States

Background Primary brain tumors (BTs) are rare, but cause morbidity and mortality disproportionately to their incidence. Prevalence estimates population‐level cancer burdens at a specified time. This study estimates the prevalence of malignant and non‐malignant BTs in comparison to other cancers. Me...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer 2023-08, Vol.129 (16), p.2514-2521
Main Authors: Neff, Corey, Price, Mackenzie, Cioffi, Gino, Kruchko, Carol, Waite, Kristin A., Barnholtz‐Sloan, Jill S., Ostrom, Quinn T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Aged
Brain
Brain cancer
Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology
brain tumor
Brain tumors
Cancer
Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States
Data Management
Disease control
Epidemiology
Estimates
Female
Females
Histopathology
Humans
Incidence
Infant, Newborn
Male
Morbidity
Neoplasms
Oncology
Prevalence
Public policy
Registries
SEER Program
Tumors
United States - epidemiology
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Summary:Background Primary brain tumors (BTs) are rare, but cause morbidity and mortality disproportionately to their incidence. Prevalence estimates population‐level cancer burdens at a specified time. This study estimates the prevalence of malignant and non‐malignant BTs in comparison to other cancers. Methods Incidence data were obtained from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (2000–2019, varying), a combined data set including the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Incidence of non‐BT cancers were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (2001–2019). Incidence and survival estimates for all cancers were obtained from SEER (1975–2018). Complete prevalence as of December 31, 2019, was estimated using prevEst. Estimates were generated overall for non‐BT cancers, by BT histopathology, age groups at prevalence (0–14, 15–39, 40–64, 65+ years), and sex. Results We estimated 1,323,121 individuals with a diagnosis of BTs at the date of prevalence. The majority of BT cases had non‐malignant tumors (85.3%). Among all cancers, BTs were the most prevalent cancer type among those ages 15 to 39 years, second among those ages 0 to 14 years, and in the top five among those ages 40 to 64 years. The plurality of prevalent cases (43.5%) occurred among those ages 65+ years. Overall, females had a higher prevalence of BTs than males, with an overall female:male prevalence ratio of 1.68. Conclusions BTs contribute significantly to the cancer burden in the United States, particularly among those younger than age 65 years. Understanding complete prevalence is crucial for monitoring cancer burden to inform clinical research and public policy. We include a comparison of prevalence estimates for all primary brain tumors to other common cancers by age group in the United States. We also provide a description of the complete prevalence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in the United States for 2019, an update to a previous study.
ISSN:0008-543X
1097-0142
DOI:10.1002/cncr.34837