Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, desp...

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Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 2023-07, Vol.1878 (4), p.188913-188913, Article 188913
Main Authors: Kumari, Smita, Gupta, Rohan, Ambasta, Rashmi K., Kumar, Pravir
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial intelligence
Combinatorial therapy
Glioblastoma - pathology
Glioblastoma multiforme
Humans
Nanotheranostic
Organoid models
Personalized medicine
Signal Transduction
Therapeutic strategies
Tumor Microenvironment
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Summary:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV brain tumor showing poor prognosis. Currently, researcher targets signaling pathways, namely the hedgehog pathway, hippo pathway, and others, to identify novel biomarkers in the treatment of GBM. The study of GBM biomarkers in 2D systems, such as animal cell models, imposes hurdles to characterizing the pathogenesis of GBM. Thus, a 3D organoids model has been developed to study the progression and pathogenesis of GBM. Further, tumor invasion, blood-brain barrier, and molecular heterogeneity of GBM impose several therapeutic challenges. Therapeutic approaches in GBM are divided into three parts, namely traditional approaches, emerging approaches, and advanced therapies. Mounting evidence highlighted the importance of nanotheranostic in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. Drug delivery methods in GBM include controlled drug release, nanomaterial systems, focused ultrasound, peptide-based, and vaccine-based delivery. [Display omitted] •Altered oncogenic signaling events and molecules enhanced GBM progression.•Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgical resection does not improve survival rate and prognosis.•Nanoscience changed the paradigm of glioblastoma therapy via detection, delivery, and treatment.•Combinatorial strategy and drug repurposing could eliminate the obstacles of traditional therapeutics.•Artificial intelligence revolutionizes the GBM diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
ISSN:0304-419X
1879-2561
DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913