The ethanolic extract of peanut shell attenuates the depressive-like behaviors of mice through modulation of inflammation and gut microbiota

[Display omitted] •The ethanol extract of peanut shell alleviated the depression symptoms of CUMS-induced depressive mice.•The extract reduced inflammatory responses of the brain, serum, and small intestine of the treated mice.•The extract regulated the expressions of gut barrier tight-junction prot...

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Published in:Food research international 2023-06, Vol.168, p.112765-112765, Article 112765
Main Authors: Gao, Alex Xiong, Xia, Tracy Chen-Xi, Peng, Zhi-Tian, Wu, Qi-Yun, Zhu, Yue, Dong, Tina Ting-Xia, Tsim, Karl Wah-Keung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural waste
Animals
Arachis
Depression
Depression - drug therapy
Ethanol
Flavonoid
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Hormones - pharmacology
Inflammation
Lachnospiraceae
Luteolin
Mice
Nerve Growth Factors - pharmacology
Peanut shell
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Sucrose - pharmacology
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Summary:[Display omitted] •The ethanol extract of peanut shell alleviated the depression symptoms of CUMS-induced depressive mice.•The extract reduced inflammatory responses of the brain, serum, and small intestine of the treated mice.•The extract regulated the expressions of gut barrier tight-junction proteins and the diversity of gut microbiota. Peanut shell is an agricultural byproduct being wasted on a large scale, which is in urgent need to be recycled. To fully utilize its pharmacological ingredients, e.g. luteolin, eriodyctiol, and 5,7-dihydroxychromone, we evaluated the curative effect of ethanol extract deriving from peanut shell (PSE) in treating chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice. The chronic stress lasted for 10 weeks, and PSE at 100–900 mg/kg/day was gavaged to mice in the last 2 weeks of modeling. The depressive behaviors were assessed by analyses of sucrose preference, tail suspension, and forced swimming. The brain injury was demonstrated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Nissl body, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stainings in the mouse hippocampus. Biochemical indicators were analyzed, including levels of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, stress hormones, and inflammatory mediators. The feces were collected for the 16S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiome. Administration of PSE improved the sucrose water consumption of depressive mice, while it decreased the immobile time in tail suspension and forced swimming tests. Meanwhile, the anti-depressive effect of PSE was supported by ameliorated histochemical staining, increased levels of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, as well as down-regulated stress hormones. Furthermore, the treatment of PSE was able to mitigate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in brain, serum, and small intestine. Besides, the tight junction proteins, e.g., occludin and ZO-1, of gut showed elevated expressions, which coincided with the elevated abundance and diversity of gut microbiota upon PSE treatment. This study validated the therapeutic efficacy of PSE in fighting against depression, as well as its modulatory action on inflammation and gut microbiota, which promoted the recycling of this agricultural waste to be health supplements of added value.
ISSN:0963-9969
1873-7145
DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112765