Evolution of LPS recognition and signaling: The bony fish perspective

Fish are the most diverse and successful group of vertebrate animals, with about 30,000 species. The study of fish immunity is of great importance for understanding the evolution of vertebrate immunity, as they are the first animals to show both innate and adaptive immune responses. Although fish im...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental and comparative immunology 2023-08, Vol.145, p.104710-104710, Article 104710
Main Authors: Martínez-López, Alicia, Tyrkalska, Sylwia D., Alcaraz-Pérez, Francisca, Cabas, Isabel, Candel, Sergio, Martínez Morcillo, Francisco J., Sepulcre, María P., García-Moreno, Diana, Cayuela, María L., Mulero, Victoriano
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Fishes
Immunity, Innate
Inflammation
Innate immunity
Lipopolysaccharides
LPS
Lymphocyte Antigen 96
Mammals
MD1
MD2
RP105
Signal Transduction
TLR4
Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism
Zebrafish
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Fish are the most diverse and successful group of vertebrate animals, with about 30,000 species. The study of fish immunity is of great importance for understanding the evolution of vertebrate immunity, as they are the first animals to show both innate and adaptive immune responses. Although fish immunity is similar to that of mammals, there are obvious differences, such as their dependence of ambient temperature, their poor antibody response, and lack of antibody switching and lymph nodes. In addition, several important differences have also been found between the innate immune responses of fish and mammals. Among these, we will discuss in this review the high resistance of fish to the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can be explained by the absence of a Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) ortholog in most fish species or by the inability of the Tlr4/Md2 (Myeloid differentiation 2) complex to recognize LPS, together with the presence of a negative regulator of the LPS signaling complex formed by the TLR-like molecule Rp105 (Radioprotective 105) and Md1. Taken together, these data support the idea that, although TLR4 and RP105 arose from a common ancestor to fish and tetrapods, the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex for LPS recognition arose after their divergence about 450 million years ago. •Fish immunity contributes to understand the evolution of vertebrate immunity.•Fish are resistant to the toxic effects of LPS.•Tlr4 is absent in most fish species or, when present, fails to recognize LPS.•Fish have a negative regulator of LPS signaling formed by Rp105 and Md1.•LPS recognition by TLR4/MD2 arose after the divergence of fish and tetrapods.
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2023.104710