TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface

Societal factors associated with ocular surface diseases were mapped using a framework to characterize the relationship between the individual, their health and environment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating factors on ocular surface diseases were considered in a systematic review....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The ocular surface 2023-04, Vol.28, p.165-199
Main Authors: Stapleton, Fiona, Abad, Juan Carlos, Barabino, Stefano, Burnett, Anthea, Iyer, Geetha, Lekhanont, Kaevalin, Li, Tianjing, Liu, Yang, Navas, Alejandro, Obinwanne, Chukwuemeka Junior, Qureshi, Riaz, Roshandel, Danial, Sahin, Afsun, Shih, Kendrick, Tichenor, Anna, Jones, Lyndon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmune disease
Biology
Dry eye
Employment
Infection
Inflammation
Lifestyle
Socioeconomic factors
Systematic review
Trauma
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Societal factors associated with ocular surface diseases were mapped using a framework to characterize the relationship between the individual, their health and environment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating factors on ocular surface diseases were considered in a systematic review. Age and sex effects were generally well-characterized for inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune and trauma-related conditions. Sex and gender, through biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors impact the prevalence and severity of disease, access to, and use of, care. Genetic factors, race, smoking and co-morbidities are generally well characterized, with interdependencies with geographical, employment and socioeconomic factors. Living and working conditions include employment, education, water and sanitation, poverty and socioeconomic class. Employment type and hobbies are associated with eye trauma and burns. Regional, global socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, include remoteness, geography, seasonality, availability of and access to services. Violence associated with war, acid attacks and domestic violence are associated with traumatic injuries. The impacts of conflict, pandemic and climate are exacerbated by decreased food security, access to health services and workers. Digital technology can impact diseases through physical and mental health effects and access to health information and services. The COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigating strategies are mostly associated with an increased risk of developing new or worsening existing ocular surface diseases. Societal factors impact the type and severity of ocular surface diseases, although there is considerable interdependence between factors. The overlay of the digital environment, natural disasters, conflict and the pandemic have modified access to services in some regions.
ISSN:1542-0124
1937-5913
DOI:10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.006