Age-dependent changes in the risk of weight gain in Chinese adults: results from the Kailuan cohort study

Over the past decades, China has seen a dramatic epidemic of overweight and obesity. However, the optimal period for interventions to prevent overweight/obesity in adulthood remains unclear, and little is known regarding the joint effect of sociodemographic factors on weight gain. We aimed to invest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Public health (London) 2023-05, Vol.218, p.139-145
Main Authors: Cai, Zhiwei, Yang, Xu, Huang, Zegui, Wang, Xianxuan, Chen, Zekai, Cai, Zefeng, Zhao, Wenliu, Wu, Weiqiang, Wu, Shouling, Chen, Youren
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Age Factors
Aged
Body Mass Index
China - epidemiology
East Asian People - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal study
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Overweight
Overweight - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Weight gain
Weight Gain - ethnology
Young Adult
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Summary:Over the past decades, China has seen a dramatic epidemic of overweight and obesity. However, the optimal period for interventions to prevent overweight/obesity in adulthood remains unclear, and little is known regarding the joint effect of sociodemographic factors on weight gain. We aimed to investigate the associations of weight gain with sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, educational level, and income. This was a longitudinal cohort study. This study included 121,865 participants aged 18–74 years from the Kailuan study who attended health examinations over the period 2006–2019. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the associations of sociodemographic factors with body mass index (BMI) category transitions over two, six, and 10 years. In the analysis of 10-year BMI changes, the youngest age group had the highest risks of shifting to higher BMI categories, with odds ratio of 2.42 (95% confidence interval 2.12–2.77) for a transition from underweight or normal weight to overweight or obesity and 2.85 (95% confidence interval 2.17–3.75) for a transition from overweight to obesity. Compared with baseline age, education level was less related to these changes, whereas gender and income were not significantly associated with these transitions. Restricted cubic spline analyses suggested reverse J-shaped associations of age with these transitions. The risk of weight gain in Chinese adults is age dependent, and clear public healthcare messaging is needed for young adults who are at the highest risk of weight gain.
ISSN:0033-3506
1476-5616
DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.03.004