A verified and validated moving domain computational fluid dynamics solver with applications to cardiovascular flows

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with patient‐specific medical images has been used to correlate flow phenotypes with disease initiation, progression and outcome, in search of a prospective clinical tool. A large number of CFD software packages are available, but are typically based...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering 2023-06, Vol.39 (6), p.e3703-n/a
Main Authors: Kjeldsberg, Henrik A., Sundnes, Joakim, Valen‐Sendstad, Kristian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation
Benchmarking
Cardiovascular System
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer applications
Domains
Drag coefficients
Finite element method
Finite volume method
Fluid dynamics
Fluid flow
hemodynamics
Hydrodynamics
left ventricle
Medical imaging
Models, Cardiovascular
moving domain
Phenotypes
Prospective Studies
Solvers
Turbulent flow
validation
Verification
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Description
Summary:Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with patient‐specific medical images has been used to correlate flow phenotypes with disease initiation, progression and outcome, in search of a prospective clinical tool. A large number of CFD software packages are available, but are typically based on rigid domains and low‐order finite volume methods, and are often implemented in massive low‐level C++ libraries. Furthermore, only a handful of solvers have been appropriately verified and validated for their intended use. Our goal was to develop, verify and validate an open‐source CFD solver for moving domains, with applications to cardiovascular flows. The solver is an extension of the CFD solver Oasis, which is based on the finite element method and implemented using the FEniCS open source framework. The new solver, named OasisMove, extends Oasis by expressing the Navier–Stokes equations in the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, which is suitable for handling moving domains. For code verification we used the method of manufactured solutions for a moving 2D vortex problem, and for validation we compared our results against existing high‐resolution simulations and laboratory experiments for two moving domain problems of varying complexity. Verification results showed that the L2 error followed the theoretical convergence rates. The temporal accuracy was second‐order, while the spatial accuracy was second‐ and third‐order using ℙ1/ℙ1 and ℙ2/ℙ1 finite elements, respectively. Validation results showed good agreement with existing benchmark results, by reproducing lift and drag coefficients with less than 1% error, and demonstrating the solver's ability to capture vortex patterns in transitional and turbulent‐like flow regimes. In conclusion, we have shown that OasisMove is an open‐source, accurate and reliable solver for cardiovascular flows in moving domains. We developed, verified and validated an open‐source CFD solver for moving domains, with applications to cardiovascular flows. We performed code verification and validation for a variety of flow problems, and results were qualitatively and quantitatively accurate in comparison to existing high‐resolution simulations and physical experiments.
ISSN:2040-7939
2040-7947
DOI:10.1002/cnm.3703