Keeping It Organized: Multicompartment Constructs to Mimic Tissue Heterogeneity

Tissue engineering aims at replicating tissues and organs to develop applications in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, by engineering artificial constructs using functional materials and cells to provide both physiological form and function. In vitro, by engineering three‐dimensional (3D) models to suppor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced healthcare materials 2023-07, Vol.12 (17), p.e2202110-n/a
Main Authors: Sanchez‐Rubio, Alvaro, Jayawarna, Vineetha, Maxwell, Emily, Dalby, Matthew J., Salmeron‐Sanchez, Manuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
3D bioprinting
Biocompatible Materials - chemistry
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Bioprinting
Cell culture
Construction engineering
Functional materials
Heterogeneity
hydrogels
Hydrogels - chemistry
in vitro models
Microfluidics
Micropatterning
multicompartment models
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Surgical implants
Three dimensional models
Three dimensional printing
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
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Summary:Tissue engineering aims at replicating tissues and organs to develop applications in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, by engineering artificial constructs using functional materials and cells to provide both physiological form and function. In vitro, by engineering three‐dimensional (3D) models to support drug discovery and enable understanding of fundamental biology. 3D culture constructs mimic cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and use biomaterials seeking to increase the resemblance of engineered tissues with its in vivo homologues. Native tissues, however, include complex architectures, with compartmentalized regions of different properties containing different types of cells that can be captured by multicompartment constructs. Recent advances in fabrication technologies, such as micropatterning, microfluidics or 3D bioprinting, have enabled compartmentalized structures with defined compositions and properties that are essential in creating 3D cell‐laden multiphasic complex architectures. This review focuses on advances in engineered multicompartment constructs that mimic tissue heterogeneity. It includes multiphasic 3D implantable scaffolds and in vitro models, including systems that incorporate different regions emulating in vivo tissues, highlighting the emergence and relevance of 3D bioprinting in the future of biological research and medicine. When engineering tissues in vitro it is essential to mimic the heterogeneity present in native tissues, both in composition and biological components. While different approaches and manufacturing technologies are used in literature, bioprinting holds great promise, being able to recapitulate complex architectural 3D features and use bioinks to support biological requirements.
ISSN:2192-2640
2192-2659
DOI:10.1002/adhm.202202110