Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment in the USA: a retrospective cohort study

Childhood maltreatment is associated with adverse health outcomes and this risk can be transmitted to the next generation. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to maternal childhood maltreatment and common childhood physical and mental health problems, neurodevelopmental disorder...

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Published in:The Lancet. Public health 2023-03, Vol.8 (3), p.e226-e237
Main Authors: Moog, Nora K, Cummings, Peter D, Jackson, Kathryn L, Aschner, Judy L, Barrett, Emily S, Bastain, Theresa M, Blackwell, Courtney K, Bosquet Enlow, Michelle, Breton, Carrie V, Bush, Nicole R, Deoni, Sean C L, Duarte, Cristiane S, Ferrara, Assiamira, Grant, Torie L, Hipwell, Alison E, Jones, Kathryn, Leve, Leslie D, Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie, Miller, Richard K, Monk, Catherine, Oken, Emily, Posner, Jonathan, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Wright, Rosalind J, Entringer, Sonja, Simhan, Hyagriv N, Wadhwa, Pathik D, O'Connor, Thomas G, Musci, Rashelle J, Buss, Claudia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Asthma
Autism Spectrum Disorder - epidemiology
Child
Child Abuse
Female
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Male
Maternal Exposure
Obesity
Pregnancy
Retrospective Studies
United States
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Summary:Childhood maltreatment is associated with adverse health outcomes and this risk can be transmitted to the next generation. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to maternal childhood maltreatment and common childhood physical and mental health problems, neurodevelopmental disorders, and related comorbidity patterns in offspring. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, which was launched to investigate the influence of early life exposures on child health and development in 69 cohorts across the USA. Eligible mother–child dyads were those with available data on maternal childhood maltreatment exposure and at least one child health outcome measure (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], internalising problems, obesity, allergy, and asthma diagnoses). Maternal history of childhood maltreatment was obtained retrospectively from the Adverse Childhood Experiences or Life Stressor Checklist questionnaires. We derived the prevalence of the specified child health outcome measures in offspring across childhood and adolescence by harmonising caregiver reports and other relevant sources (such as medical records) across cohorts. Child internalising symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Associations between maternal childhood maltreatment and childhood health outcomes were measured using a series of mixed-effects logistic regression models. Covariates included child sex (male or female), race, and ethnicity; maternal and paternal age; maternal education; combined annual household income; maternal diagnosis of depression, asthma, ADHD, allergy, or autism spectrum disorder; and maternal obesity. Two latent class analyses were conducted: to characterise patterns of comorbidity of child health outcomes; and to characterise patterns of co-occurrence of childhood maltreatment subtypes. We then investigated the association between latent class membership and maternal childhood maltreatment and child health outcomes, respectively. Our sample included 4337 mother–child dyads from 21 longitudinal cohorts (with data collection initiated between 1999 and 2016). Of 3954 mothers in the study, 1742 (44%) had experienced exposure to abuse or neglect during their childhood. After adjustment for confounding, mothers who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to have children with internalising problems in the clin
ISSN:2468-2667
2468-2667
DOI:10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00025-7