A porous swelling copolymeric material for improved implant fixation to bone

Most metallic commercial bone anchors, such as screws and suture anchors achieve their fixation to bone through shear of the bone located between the threads. They have several deficiencies, potentially leading to failure, which are particularly evident in low‐density bone. These include stress‐shie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Applied biomaterials, 2023-07, Vol.111 (7), p.1342-1350
Main Authors: Siegler, Sorin, Taghvaei, Moein, Zegarski, Ryan, Palmese, Giuseppe, Mathew, Rena, Schayes, Julia, Schaer, Thomas, Najafi, Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Bone density
Cancellous Bone
Catastrophic failure analysis
Compression
copolymer
Density
Edema
Humans
Materials research
Materials science
mechanical characteristics
Mechanical properties
Osseointegration
Polymers
Porosity
Porous materials
Prostheses and Implants
Sodium chloride
Swelling
swelling characteristics
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Summary:Most metallic commercial bone anchors, such as screws and suture anchors achieve their fixation to bone through shear of the bone located between the threads. They have several deficiencies, potentially leading to failure, which are particularly evident in low‐density bone. These include stress‐shielding resulting from mechanical properties mismatch; lack of mechanically induced remodeling and osteointegration; and when the pullout force on the anchor, during functional activities, exceeds their pullout strength, catastrophic failure occurs leaving behind large bone defects that may be hard to repair. To overcome these deficiencies, we introduced in this study a porous swelling co‐polymeric material and studied its swelling and compressive mechanical characteristics as bone anchor under different configurations. Porosity was achieved by adding a non‐dissolvable agent (NaCl) during the process of polymerization, which was later dissolved in water, leaving behind a porous structure with adequate porosity for osteointegration. Three different groups of cylindrical samples of the swelling co‐polymer were investigated. Solid, fully porous, and partially porous with a solid core and a porous outer layer. The results of the swelling and simple compression study show that the partially porous swelling co‐polymer maintains excellent mechanical properties matching those of cancellous bone, quick swelling response, and an adequate porous outer layer for mechanically induced osteointegration. These suggest that this material may present an effective alternative to conventional bone anchors particularly in low‐density bone.
ISSN:1552-4973
1552-4981
DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.35238