Vertical variations of sea‐salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign

ABSTRACT Airborne and ground‐based aerosol/gas measurements were carried out in Svalbard between mid‐March and mid‐April 2000. From the viewpoint of vertical features of sea‐salt modification in the lower troposphere (≤1500 m) of the Arctic spring, more than 1000 individual sea‐salt particles were a...

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Published in:Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology Chemical and physical meteorology, 2002-09, Vol.54 (4), p.361-376
Main Authors: HARA, K., OSADA, K., NISHITA, C., YAMAGATA, S., YAMANOCUHI, T., HERBER, A., MATSUNAGA, K., IWASAKA, Y., NAGATANI, M., NAKATA, H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemical composition and interactions. Ionic interactions and processes
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Meteorology
Particles and aerosols
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Summary:ABSTRACT Airborne and ground‐based aerosol/gas measurements were carried out in Svalbard between mid‐March and mid‐April 2000. From the viewpoint of vertical features of sea‐salt modification in the lower troposphere (≤1500 m) of the Arctic spring, more than 1000 individual sea‐salt particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX) in the present study. Individual particle analysis suggested a vertical gradient of sea‐salt modification in fine sea‐salt particles with an altitude of 59–1485 m above sea level (asl), e.g. chlorine liberation rates of 33.0% (212 m asl) and 81.0% (1266 m asl) on 15 March, and 72.7% (100 m asl), 83.8% (495 m asl) and 95.8% (1411 m asl) on 26 March. Sea salts may be dominantly modified with SO2 and SO42− under Arctic haze conditions with higher SO2 concentration (≥2 nmol m−3), whereas they are dominantly modified with NO3− and reactive nitrogen oxides under Arctic background conditions, with [HNO3] of 0.15–1.3 nmol m−3 and [SO2] of 0.04–2 nmol m−3. Vertical trends in sea‐salt modification suggested that it makes a significant contribution to the formation of reactive halogen species in the upper boundary layer and the lower free troposphere of the spring Arctic.
ISSN:0280-6509
1600-0889
DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.201253.x