Fabrication and biological evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) Mg substituted bi-phasic calcium phosphate porous scaffolds for hard tissue engineering

This work reports on the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) magnesium substituted bi-phasic calcium phosphate (Mg-BCP) scaffolds by gel-casting, their structural and physico-chemical characterization, and on the assessment of their in vitro and in vivo performances. The crystalline phase assembla...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:RSC advances 2022-11, Vol.12 (52), p.3376-33715
Main Authors: Ramadas, Munusamy, Abimanyu, Ravichandran, Ferreira, José M. F, Ballamurugan, Anbalagan M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
Calcium phosphates
Chemistry
Crystal defects
Evaluation
Field emission microscopy
Field emission spectroscopy
Fourier transforms
Functional groups
Gelcasting
In vitro methods and tests
Infrared spectroscopy
Magnesium
Phase assemblages
Rabbits
Regeneration (physiology)
Scaffolds
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
Structural analysis
Substitute bone
Tibia
Tissue engineering
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Summary:This work reports on the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) magnesium substituted bi-phasic calcium phosphate (Mg-BCP) scaffolds by gel-casting, their structural and physico-chemical characterization, and on the assessment of their in vitro and in vivo performances. The crystalline phase assemblage, chemical functional groups and porous morphology features of the scaffolds were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The sintered scaffolds revealed an interconnected porosity with pore sizes ranging from 4.3 to 7.28 μm. The scaffolds exhibited good biomineralization activity upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), while an in vitro study using MG-63 cell line cultures confirmed their improved biocompatibility, cell proliferation and bioactivity. Bone grafting of 3D scaffolds was performed in non-load bearing bone defects surgically created in tibia of rabbits, used as animal model. Histological and radiological observations indicated the successful restoration of bone defects. The overall results confirmed the suitability of the scaffolds to be further tested as synthetic bone grafts in bone regeneration surgeries and in bone tissue engineering applications. This work reports on the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) magnesium substituted bi-phasic calcium phosphate (Mg-BCP) scaffolds by gel-casting, their structural and physico-chemical characterization, and on the assessment of their in vitro and in vivo performances.
ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/d2ra04009c