Synthesis of Quinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid Aryl Ester and Its Apoptotic Action on PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line

The aim of the present study is to synthesise an aryl ester compound from quinoline-2-carboxylic acid to evaluate its apoptotic, cell cycle blockade, and antiproliferative activity on the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). Chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis was used to identify the synthesise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2023-08, Vol.195 (8), p.4818-4831
Main Authors: Yang, Rongchen, Suresh, Swathi, Velmurugan, Ramaiyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticancer properties
Antiproliferatives
Antitumor activity
Apoptosis
Aromatic compounds
Bcl-2 protein
Biochemistry
Biotechnology
Carboxylic acids
Cell cycle
Cell viability
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Cytotoxicity
DNA fragmentation
Ethidium bromide
Fragmentation
Original Article
Prostate cancer
Quinoline
S phase
Staining
Toxicity
Tumor cell lines
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Summary:The aim of the present study is to synthesise an aryl ester compound from quinoline-2-carboxylic acid to evaluate its apoptotic, cell cycle blockade, and antiproliferative activity on the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). Chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis was used to identify the synthesised carboxylic acid compound. The synthesised compound was treated with a PC3 cell line for 24 h with control. The cells were treated at various concentration ranges of 0, 3.91, 7.81, 15.63, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL each. The cytotoxicity effect was studied by MTT assay, and their anticancer activity was further evaluated using cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining, and Western blot analysis. The end antiproliferative result showed that PC3 cell viability decreases in a concentration-dependent manner and the synthesised compound exhibited potent cytotoxicity against PC3 cells with an IC 50 value of 26 µg/mL at the concentration of 125 µg. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells was observed after treating PC3 cells with the sample in double-staining methods. S phase of the cell cycle was significantly blocked by the test sample, and a typical ladder pattern of internucleosomal fragmentation was observed. A decrease in the live cells was observed with the sample in AO/ET-BR. A significant increase in the Bax expression and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression observed enhance the activity of caspases-7 and -9. The synthesised compound had shown to possess excellent cytotoxic effect through inducing apoptosis, especially causing cell cycle arrest at the S phase.
ISSN:0273-2289
1559-0291
1559-0291
DOI:10.1007/s12010-022-04258-z