Isolation and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus in domestic dogs from central and northern provinces in Vietnam

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores. Sequence analysis of CDV strains has been classified into several geographically-related lineages, and the evolution and emergence of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the compl...

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Published in:Research in veterinary science 2022-12, Vol.153, p.105-114
Main Authors: Truong, Quang Lam, Duc, Hoang Minh, Anh, Tuan Nguyen, Thi, Yen Nguyen, Van, Thang Nguyen, Thi, Phuong Hoang, Thu, Huong Nguyen Thi, Thi, Lan Nguyen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Antigens
Canine distemper
Canine distemper virus
Carnivores
Cell culture
Dogs
Domestic animals
Epidemiology
Epitopes
Gene sequencing
Genetic diversity
Genotype & phenotype
Glycosylation
H gene
Infections
Mortality
Mutation
Neutralization
Neutralizing epitope
Phylogenetic analyses
Phylogenetics
Proteins
Sequence analysis
Sequencing
Strains (organisms)
Vaccines
Veterinary medicine
Virus neutralization titer
Viruses
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Summary:Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pathogen causing fatal disease in a wide range of carnivores. Sequence analysis of CDV strains has been classified into several geographically-related lineages, and the evolution and emergence of these strains are not fully yet investigated. In this study, the complete H gene sequences of 15 CDV strains isolated on Vero DST cell culture from clinical samples of vaccinated domestic dogs in Vietnam were investigated. Fifteen CDV isolates belonging to Asia-1 CDV variants were predominant antigenic type circulated in Central and Northern Vietnam with notable differences regarding the region and some genetic variation, and the most closely related Asia-1 variants lineage reported in Vietnam, China, Taiwan, and Japan. All identified CDV isolates clustered into 2 novel clades Asia-1-C1 and Asia-1-C2. The major amino acid mutation variants of Vietnamese Asia-1 CDV strains were found at sites 51, 157, 159, 160, 171, 178, 186, 235, 245, 277, 288, 313, 324, 330, 337, 345, 358, 359, 365, 383, 446, 475, 517, 530, 584, 598 which include N-glycosylation sites and neutralizing epitope regions in H gene. The results of the virus neutralization titer (VNT) assay showed that the dogs vaccinated with commercial vaccines had significantly low VNT (4.89 and 12.8) against field CDV isolate strains (VNUA NA04, HN18, and NB05) isolated in northern and central Vietnam, respectively. These data may suggest the need for further research in CDV monitoring and development of preventative measures against CDV in Vietnam. •The CDV still existed widely in domestic dogs in northern Vietnam and could be isolated in completed immunization dogs.•The CDV strains were clustered into Genotype Asia-1 which is different from all commercial vaccine strains.•There had multiple variations in amino acid mutation variants including N-glycosylation sites and neutralizing epitope regions in the H gene that are different from the vaccine strains
ISSN:0034-5288
1532-2661
DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.027