Gender differences in driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs: Evidence mapping of real case studies and meta-analysis

Very few studies have examined predictors of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) as a function of gender. This oversight is relevant, because analyzing gender differences prevents generalization of results observed in men, who still currently account for the majority of drivers worldwide, to women. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forensic science international 2022-12, Vol.341, p.111479-111479, Article 111479
Main Authors: Pelletti, Guido, Boscolo-Berto, Rafael, Barone, Rossella, Giorgetti, Arianna, Fiorentini, Clara, Pascali, Jennifer P., Fais, Paolo, Pelotti, Susi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol
Amphetamines
Behavior
Benzodiazepines
Cannabinoids
Cocaine
Driving Under the Influence
Drug abuse
Drug use
Drug-impaired driving
Drugs
Drugs of abuse
Drunk driving
Forensic sciences
Forensic Toxicology
Gender
Gender aspects
Gender differences
Influence
Medication
Men
Meta-analysis
Narcotics
Opioids
Prescription drugs
Psychotropic drugs
Research methodology
Sex differences
Systematic review
Women
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Summary:Very few studies have examined predictors of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) as a function of gender. This oversight is relevant, because analyzing gender differences prevents generalization of results observed in men, who still currently account for the majority of drivers worldwide, to women. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of DUI of drugs in men and women reported in real case studies published in the last two decades, and to assess gender differences in risky DUI behaviour. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science were searched for eligible studies in May 2021; a follow-up literature search was conducted in August 2021. Real-case studies of drivers convicted for DUI of psychoactive drugs with positive toxicological confirmatory analysis were included. The extracted outcome was the prevalence of positive findings of men and women for cocaine, cannabinoids, amphetamine-like drugs, opioids, and psychoactive prescription drugs. A meta-analysis of random effects estimates was performed to investigate the change in the size of the overall effect (by Cohen d standardized mean difference test). A Mann Whitney U test was performed to test for differences between genders. Of the 2877 studies screened, 439 were retrieved in full-text and 26 were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant higher prevalence among men for cocaine (1.8% vs 0.9%; p 
ISSN:0379-0738
1872-6283
DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111479