Global frequency and epidemiological profile of electronic cigarette users: a systematic review

•The highest prevalence of e-cigarette users was in Croatia, followed by New Zealand, Poland, USA.•Considering data proportional to the population of the country, the country with more e-cigarette users, was the USA with 10.8, 3.5 and 2.3 million users, followed by Greece 1 million, and Brazil 0.6 m...

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Published in:Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 2022-11, Vol.134 (5), p.548-561
Main Authors: Lebre Martins, Beatriz Nascimento Figueiredo, Normando, Ana Gabriela Costa, Rodrigues-Fernandes, Carla Isabelly, Wagner, Vivian Petersen, Kowalski, Luiz Paulo, Marques, Sandra Silva, Marta, Gustavo Nader, de Castro Júnior, Gilberto, Ruiz, Blanca Iciar Indave, Vargas, Pablo Agustin, Lopes, Marcio Ajudarte, Santos-Silva, Alan Roger
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
e-cigarette
electronic cigarettes
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
nicotine vaping products
Prevalence
Smokers
Smoking Cessation
systematic review
vapers
Vaping - epidemiology
Young Adult
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Summary:•The highest prevalence of e-cigarette users was in Croatia, followed by New Zealand, Poland, USA.•Considering data proportional to the population of the country, the country with more e-cigarette users, was the USA with 10.8, 3.5 and 2.3 million users, followed by Greece 1 million, and Brazil 0.6 million e-cigarette users.•Among the 1,144,001 participants in the included studies, 117,203 (10.24%) were identified as e-cigarette users.•Overall, e-cigarette users tended to be male young adults. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is growing significantly worldwide, especially among young people. This product has been associated with renormalizing smoking and hindering quit attempts in smokers. Moreover, among nonsmokers, it can lead to subsequent cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of e-cigarette users worldwide. A systematic review was performed using 3 main electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE). Studies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers based on established eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the MAStARI critical appraisal instrument. From 4,496 records, 43 were included. Among the 1,238,392 participants, 132,786 (10.72%) were e-cigarette users. The age range with the highest percentage of e-cigarette users was 18-24 years old, with 40,989 (30.86%) males, 34,875 (26.26%) females, and 33.6% being current cigarette smokers. The highest prevalence of users was 52.88% in Croatia, 49.62% in New Zealand. Other possible correlations were observed with e-cigarettes use, such as a high level of education. Overall, e-cigarette users tended to be male young adults with a higher level of education. The highest prevalence of use was found in Croatia. This systematic review provides valuable information to improve the development of appropriate intervention strategies targeting e-cigarette users for more accurate anti-smoking actions.
ISSN:2212-4403
2212-4411
DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.019