Effect of low‐dose Piscirickettsia salmonis infection on haematological‐biochemical blood parameters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of Piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in Chile and many other areas (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA). This study investigated the effects of low‐dose P. salmonis infection (1 × 102 CF...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fish biology 2022-10, Vol.101 (4), p.1021-1032
Main Authors: Isla, Adolfo, Sánchez, Patricio, Ruiz, Pamela, Albornoz, Romina, Pontigo, Juan P., Rauch, María Cecilia, Hawes, Christopher, Vargas‐Chacoff, Luis, Yáñez, Alejandro J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood
Blood cells
Carbohydrates
Carnivorous animals
Fish
Freshwater fishes
haematocrit
Haemoglobin
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Hepatotoxicity
Hypoxia
Infections
Iron
Iron deficiency
L-Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate
Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactic acid
LDH
Leukocytes
Magnesium
Marine fishes
Nutrient deficiency
Osmoregulation
Parameters
Piscirickettsia salmonis
Salmo salar
Salmon
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms
white blood cell
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Summary:Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of Piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in Chile and many other areas (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA). This study investigated the effects of low‐dose P. salmonis infection (1 × 102 CFU/ml) on Atlantic salmon. In this study, we challenged fish with an isolated representative of the EM‐90 genogroup via intraperitoneal injection for 42 days. Infected fish displayed decreased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels at day 13 post‐infection, indicating erythropenia, haemolysis and haemodilution. Conversely, their white blood cell counts increased on days 13 and 21 post‐infection. Additionally, their iron levels decreased from day 2 post‐infection, indicating iron deficiency and an inability to retrieve stored iron before infection. Their magnesium levels also decreased at day 28 post‐infection, possibly due to osmoregulatory problems. Also, we observed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity on days 5, 21, and 28 post‐infection, suggesting early symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Later analyses determined a decrease in plasma glucose levels from day 2 post‐infection. This may be attributed to the hypoxic conditions caused by P. salmonis, leading to an excess utilization of stored carbohydrates. Our results suggest that the blood parameters we studied are useful for monitoring the physiological status of Atlantic salmon infected with P. salmonis.
ISSN:0022-1112
1095-8649
DOI:10.1111/jfb.15167