One-dimensional Luttinger liquids in a two-dimensional moiré lattice

The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin-charge separation . Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, esp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) 2022-05, Vol.605 (7908), p.57-62
Main Authors: Wang, Pengjie, Yu, Guo, Kwan, Yves H, Jia, Yanyu, Lei, Shiming, Klemenz, Sebastian, Cevallos, F Alexandre, Singha, Ratnadwip, Devakul, Trithep, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Sondhi, Shivaji L, Cava, Robert J, Schoop, Leslie M, Parameswaran, Siddharth A, Wu, Sanfeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anisotropy
Arrays
Bias
Bilayers
Electronic systems
Interlayers
Modelling
Moire patterns
Phenomenology
Physics
Power
Superlattices
Topology
Tungsten
Wire
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Summary:The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin-charge separation . Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires , each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic non-Fermi liquids , quantum Hall states , topological phases and quantum spin liquids . However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe ). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tuneable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of approximately 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of around 1,000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviours, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.
ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-022-04514-6