The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis – correlations and consequences

Summary The physical barrier function of the skin is significantly supported by the (epi‐)dermal immune system and the skin’s own microbiome. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an imbalance of all these three factors. The skin microbiome establishes itself immediately after birth and plays an imp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 2022-05, Vol.20 (5), p.571-577
Main Author: Fölster‐Holst, Regina
Format: Article
Language:eng ; ger
Subjects:
Atopic dermatitis
Dermatitis
Dysbacteriosis
Eczema
Homeostasis
Immune system
Inflammation
Microbiomes
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
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Summary:Summary The physical barrier function of the skin is significantly supported by the (epi‐)dermal immune system and the skin’s own microbiome. Atopic dermatitis is characterized by an imbalance of all these three factors. The skin microbiome establishes itself immediately after birth and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of immune homeostasis. The clinical picture of atopic dermatitis shows, among other things, changes in the skin microbiome. Particularly during an acute phase, a strongly reduced bacterial diversity as well as the dominance of a single pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, is observed. Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates the inflammatory process; furthermore, the bacteria produce proteases and toxins that further weaken the already severely compromised barrier function of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. However, knowledge of dermal dysbiosis also yields new treatment options for the therapy of the disease. In particular, the application of active bacteria represents a direct influence on the skin microbiome. Results of initial clinical studies on various approaches demonstrate promising results; this article provides an overview of work in this area.
ISSN:1610-0379
1610-0387
DOI:10.1111/ddg.14709