Development of online closed-loop frequency shifting strategies to improve heating performance of foods in a solid-state microwave system

[Display omitted] •Real-time heating performance was recorded during solid-state microwave heating.•The collected thermal images provided closed-loop feedback for frequency control.•Online frequency shifting algorithms were developed and implemented.•Frequency shifting and performance evaluation wer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food research international 2022-04, Vol.154, p.110985-110985, Article 110985
Main Authors: Yang, Ran, Fathy, Aly E., Morgan, Mark T., Chen, Jiajia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Closed-loop
Complementary frequency
Cooking - methods
Food
Heating
Heating uniformity
Microwaves
Online
Shifting
Solanum tuberosum
Solid-state microwave
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Real-time heating performance was recorded during solid-state microwave heating.•The collected thermal images provided closed-loop feedback for frequency control.•Online frequency shifting algorithms were developed and implemented.•Frequency shifting and performance evaluation were achieved by a customized program.•The dynamic complementary strategy was better in improving heating uniformity. The solid-state microwave generator is promising to replace magnetron as a power source in domestic ovens for its precise and flexible control over a wide range of operational parameters and its potential to improve heating performance. Shifting frequency during microwave heating, either orderly or using complementary heating patterns, has yielded better heating performance than traditional single-frequency heating. This study developed three online frequency shifting strategies (orderly, pre-determined complementary, and dynamic complementary) that simultaneously collected heating performances and provided closed-loop feedback through customized algorithms to control the frequency shifting during the microwave heating processes. Each algorithm was implemented and tested on two model foods with different dielectric properties (gellan gel and mashed potato). The three frequency shifting algorithms had similar frequency sweeping processes but considerably different frequency shifting procedures for different replications and food products. The dynamic complementary frequency shifting strategy simultaneously evaluated the heating performance and determined the next-step complementary frequency. The method had shown better heating uniformity than the orderly and pre-determined complementary frequency shifting strategies. The dynamic complementary frequency shifting strategy could accommodate different food products and can be incorporated into future smart microwave ovens.
ISSN:0963-9969
1873-7145
DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110985