Neuropsychological Deficits Associated With Medical Conditions: Implications for Psychological Services in Criminal Legal Settings

Criminal legal system-involved populations are disproportionally impacted by chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These discrepancies are thought to be due to both health disparities and increased likelihood to engage in health-compromising behaviors. Medical conditions can...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological services 2022-11, Vol.19 (4), p.609-620
Main Authors: Hunter, Shelby, Kois, Lauren E., Gonzales, Lauren, Tussey, Chriscelyn M., LaDuke, Casey, Elbogen, Eric B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Disorders
Chronic illnesses
Criminal Justice
Decision Making
Diabetes
Discrepancies
Drugs
Familiarity
Forensic Evaluation
Health behavior
Health disparities
HIV
Human
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune system
Immunodepression
Legal system
Medical conditions
Mental Health Services
Neurocognitive Disorders
Neuropsychology
Physical Disorders
Psychological assessment
Psychological services
Side effects
Traumatic brain injury
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Summary:Criminal legal system-involved populations are disproportionally impacted by chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These discrepancies are thought to be due to both health disparities and increased likelihood to engage in health-compromising behaviors. Medical conditions can significantly influence neuropsychological functioning and, in turn, thinking and behavior relevant to clinical forensic decision-making and psychological practice in criminal legal settings. The aim of this article is to review medical conditions commonly observed among system-involved populations-specifically cardiovascular disease, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), traumatic brain injury, cancer, diabetes, and medication side effects-and describe the complex and important links between these conditions, their associated neuropsychological deficits, and applications to psychological assessment and treatment in criminal legal settings. Ultimately, this discussion will be useful to staff providing psychological services in these settings by increasing their familiarity with these concepts, and providing practical applications to inform their case conceptualization, assessment, and treatment services with system-involved individuals. Impact Statement Medical conditions are highly prevalent among criminal legal system-involved populations and can lead to neuropsychological difficulties. This article offers guidance to practitioners providing psychological services in criminal legal settings for identifying and integrating the cognitive effects of medical conditions into assessment and treatment practices.
ISSN:1541-1559
1939-148X
DOI:10.1037/ser0000633