Atmospheric concentration, spatial variations, and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in urban and semi-urban areas using passive air samplers in Bursa, Turkey

In this study, the concentration of ambient persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured for 12 months in urban and semi-urban areas using a passive air sampler. During the s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-05, Vol.29 (21), p.32082-32092
Main Authors: Sari, Mehmet Ferhat, Esen, Fatma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air sampling
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Combustion
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Fuel combustion
High temperature
Homology
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis
Lindane
Organic compounds
Organochlorine pesticides
PCB
Persistent Organic Pollutants
Pesticides
Pesticides - analysis
Pollutants
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Research Article
Samplers
Sampling
Spatial variations
Turkey
Urban areas
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:In this study, the concentration of ambient persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured for 12 months in urban and semi-urban areas using a passive air sampler. During the sampling period, a total of 14 PAH (∑ 14 PAH) concentrations measured in urban and semi-urban areas were found to be 54.4 ± 22.6 ng/m 3 and 51.7 ± 34.3 ng/m 3 , respectively. Molecular diagnostic ratios (MDRs) were used to determine PAH sources. According to the MDR values, combustion sources were the most important PAH sources in both sampling areas. However, since the urban area is close to the industrial zone, the combustion sources occurred at high temperatures (> 800 °C), while the sources in the semi-urban area generally consisted of petrogenic fuel combustion. ∑ 50 PCB concentrations measured in the urban and semi-urban areas were found to be 522.5 ± 196.9 pg/m 3 and 439.5 ± 166.6 pg/m 3 , respectively. Homologous group distributions were used to determine the source of PCBs. According to the homologous group distributions, tri-, tetra-, and penta-chlorinated PCBs were dominant in both sampling areas. ∑ 10 OCP concentrations measured in urban and semi-urban areas were found as 242.5 ± 104.6 pg/m 3 and 275.9 ± 130.9 pg/m 3 , respectively. Also, α-HCH/γ-HCH and β-/(α + γ)-HCH ratios were used to determine the source of OCPs. Lindane was the predominant OCP in both sampling areas.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-17987-1