Roles of the polybasic furin cleavage site of spike protein in SARS‐CoV‐2 replication, pathogenesis, and host immune responses and vaccination

The polybasic furin cleavage site insertion with four amino acid motifs (PRRA) in spike protein's S1/S2 junction site is important in determining viral infectivity, transmission, and host range. However, there is no review so far explaining the effect of the furin cleavage site of the spike pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2022-05, Vol.94 (5), p.1815-1820
Main Authors: Hossain, Md. Golzar, Tang, Yan‐dong, Akter, Sharmin, Zheng, Chunfu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Cleavage
Context
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Disease transmission
Evolution
Furin
Furin - metabolism
furin cleavage site
Genomics
host immune responses
Host range
Humans
Immune response
Immunity
Immunization
Infectivity
Insertion
Pandemics
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Replication
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS‐CoV‐2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism
Spike protein
Vaccination
Viral diseases
Virology
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Summary:The polybasic furin cleavage site insertion with four amino acid motifs (PRRA) in spike protein's S1/S2 junction site is important in determining viral infectivity, transmission, and host range. However, there is no review so far explaining the effect of the furin cleavage site of the spike protein on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and pathogenesis in the host and immune responses and vaccination. Therefore, here we specifically focused on genomic evolution and properties of the cleavage site of spike protein in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 followed by its effect on viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis. We also explored whether the spike protein furin cleavage site affected the host immune responses and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. This review will help to provide novel insights into the effects of polybasic furin cleavage site on the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Highlights The genomic evolution and properties of the cleavage site of spike protein in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 are discussed. The effects of furin cleavage site of spike protein on viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis are reviewed. Whether the host immune responses and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination are affected by the spike protein furin cleavage site was also discussed.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.27539