Spatial and seasonal analysis and geovisualization of Fasciola hepatica–free bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria outbreaks in eastern Uruguay, 1999–2019

•Fluke–free bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria is a seasonal and endemic disease.•Autocorrelation and scan analysis identified significant spatial clusters.•Geovisualization and mapping revealed high-risk spring-summer grasslands.•Moisture-laden soils and wetlands are the natural reservoir of C. novyi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Preventive veterinary medicine 2022-02, Vol.199, p.105553-105553, Article 105553
Main Authors: Dutra, F., Navarro, M., Romero, A., Briano, C., Pereira, M., Uzal, F.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria
Cattle
Clostridium novyi type D
Disease Outbreaks - veterinary
Eastern wetlands
Fasciola hepatica
Female
Hemoglobinuria - veterinary
Seasonality
Seasons
Spatial analysis
Uruguay
Uruguay - epidemiology
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Summary:•Fluke–free bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria is a seasonal and endemic disease.•Autocorrelation and scan analysis identified significant spatial clusters.•Geovisualization and mapping revealed high-risk spring-summer grasslands.•Moisture-laden soils and wetlands are the natural reservoir of C. novyi type D.•Liver lipotoxicity may precipitate spore germination and disease epizootics. Bovine bacillary hemoglobinuria (BBH) produced by Clostridium novyi type D, is an endemic, highly fatal disease of cattle in the temperate grassland region of eastern Uruguay. A previous study showed that in this region, BBH is not associated with Fasciola hepatica or any other known focal-ischemic liver injury, so the reasons for its high incidence remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to analyze data from 45 Fasciola hepatica-free BBH outbreaks (1999–2019) in order to find common animal, seasonal and/or geographical risk factors, which may explain the occurrence of the epizootics. Fisher’s goodness-of-fit testing showed a significantly higher case proportion of adult cows (N = 368, 80.5%) and lower of calves (N  =8, 1.8%), as compared to the expected proportions of the censused population in the study area and historical submissions computed from the laboratory database (Chi-Sq = 346.2 and 174.8, df = 7, P 
ISSN:0167-5877
1873-1716
DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105553