Towards next-generation personalization of tacrolimus treatment: a review on advanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

The benefit of personalized medicine is that it allows the customization of drug therapy – maximizing efficacy while avoiding side effects. Genetic polymorphisms are one of the major contributors to interindividual variability. Currently, the only gold standard for applying personalized medicine is...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmacogenomics 2021-11, Vol.22 (17), p.1151-1175
Main Authors: Radhakrishnan, Arun, Kuppusamy, Gowthamarajan, Ponnusankar, Sivasankaran, Mutalik, Srinivas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
dose titration
drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Drug Monitoring
Genotyping Techniques
Humans
Pharmacogenetics
polymorphism
Polymorphism, Genetic
Precision Medicine
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus - administration & dosage
Tacrolimus - pharmacokinetics
Tacrolimus - therapeutic use
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Summary:The benefit of personalized medicine is that it allows the customization of drug therapy – maximizing efficacy while avoiding side effects. Genetic polymorphisms are one of the major contributors to interindividual variability. Currently, the only gold standard for applying personalized medicine is dose titration. Because of technological advancements, converting genotypic data into an optimum dose has become easier than in earlier years. However, for many medications, determining a personalized dose may be difficult, leading to a trial-and-error method. On the other hand, the technologically oriented pharmaceutical industry has a plethora of smart drug delivery methods that are underutilized in customized medicine. This article elaborates the genetic polymorphisms of tacrolimus as case study, and extensively covers the diagnostic and therapeutic technologies which aid in the delivery of personalized tacrolimus treatment for better clinical outcomes, thereby providing a new strategy for implementing personalized medicine.
ISSN:1462-2416
1744-8042
DOI:10.2217/pgs-2021-0008