Taurine upregulates insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in vitro but not in adipocytes of obese women

•Taurine is associated with insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in mice.•Taurine doses modulated taurine synthesis and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.•A dose of 0.5 mM of taurine upregulated insulin pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.•Taurine did not modulate markers of mitoc...

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Published in:Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2022-01, Vol.93, p.111430-111430, Article 111430
Main Authors: De Carvalho, Flavia G., Muñoz, Vitor R., Brandao, Camila F.C., Simabuco, Fernando M., Pavan, Isadora C.B., Nakandakari, Susana C.B.R., Pauli, José Rodrigo, De Moura, Leandro P., Ropelle, Eduardo R., Marchini, Julio Sergio, da Silva, Adelino S.R., de Freitas, Ellen C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3T3-L1 Cells
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - metabolism
Adipose tissue
Animal tissues
Animals
Bioinformatics
Biopsy
Biosynthesis
Body fat
Body mass index
Enzymes
Exercise
Fluorides
Gastrointestinal surgery
Gene expression
Glucose
Insulin
Insulin - metabolism
Insulin resistance
Insulin signal transduction
Lipid metabolism
Lipid peroxidation
Lipids
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Mice
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial function
Obesity
Obesity - drug therapy
Obesity - metabolism
Oxidation
Physical education
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Signal Transduction
Signaling
Software
Supplements
Taurine
Taurine - pharmacology
Tissue analysis
Transcriptomes
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Summary:•Taurine is associated with insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in mice.•Taurine doses modulated taurine synthesis and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.•A dose of 0.5 mM of taurine upregulated insulin pathways in 3T3-L1 cells.•Taurine did not modulate markers of mitochondrial function in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of obese women.•Taurine did not modulate taurine or insulin pathways in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of obese women. Based on taurine's beneficial roles in metabolic diseases in rodents and obese individuals, we investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on adipose tissue using transcriptome analysis, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. First, we applied bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the effect of the taurine synthesis pathway on the adipose tissue of several BXD mice strains. After that, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we investigated the effects of different taurine doses in proteins related to insulin signaling, lipid oxidation, and mitochondrial function. Finally, we evaluated the effects of taurine supplementation (3 grams, 8 wk) on the same proteins in the scWAT of obese women. The transcriptome analysis showed that the taurine biosynthesis pathway was positively associated with insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in the scWAT of BXD mice. The experiments using 3T3-L1 cells highlighted that the taurine dosage has an essential function in taurine synthesis, insulin, and mitochondrial markers. In contrast, the 8-wk taurine administration did not change the basal insulin, proteins of the taurine synthesis or insulin pathways, lipid oxidation, or mitochondrial metabolism in the scWAT of obese women. For the first time, to our knowledge, we showed that supplementation with 3 g of taurine for 8 wk promoted no effect in the insulin signaling pathway in the scWAT of obese women. These findings bring new perspectives to investigate different taurine doses and the intervention period for human studies owing to the potential antiobesity activity of taurine. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0899-9007
1873-1244
DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111430