Observation of Strong and Weak Thermalization in a Superconducting Quantum Processor

We experimentally study the ergodic dynamics of a 1D array of 12 superconducting qubits with a transverse field, and identify the regimes of strong and weak thermalization with different initial states. We observe convergence of the local observable to its thermal expectation value in the strong-the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review letters 2021-07, Vol.127 (2), p.020602-020602, Article 020602
Main Authors: Chen, Fusheng, Sun, Zheng-Hang, Gong, Ming, Zhu, Qingling, Zhang, Yu-Ran, Wu, Yulin, Ye, Yangsen, Zha, Chen, Li, Shaowei, Guo, Shaojun, Qian, Haoran, Huang, He-Liang, Yu, Jiale, Deng, Hui, Rong, Hao, Lin, Jin, Xu, Yu, Sun, Lihua, Guo, Cheng, Li, Na, Liang, Futian, Peng, Cheng-Zhi, Fan, Heng, Zhu, Xiaobo, Pan, Jian-Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Microprocessors
Quantum entanglement
Qubits (quantum computing)
Superconductivity
Thermalization (energy absorption)
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Summary:We experimentally study the ergodic dynamics of a 1D array of 12 superconducting qubits with a transverse field, and identify the regimes of strong and weak thermalization with different initial states. We observe convergence of the local observable to its thermal expectation value in the strong-thermalizaion regime. For weak thermalization, the dynamics of local observable exhibits an oscillation around the thermal value, which can only be attained by the time average. We also demonstrate that the entanglement entropy and concurrence can characterize the regimes of strong and weak thermalization. Our work provides an essential step toward a generic understanding of thermalization in quantum systems.
ISSN:0031-9007
1079-7114
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.020602