A Combined Immunofluorescence and Fluorescent Viability Cocktail Staining Procedure for Rapid Microscopic Detection and Enumeration of Live Legionella pneumophila

This report describes a combined immunofluorescence and fluorescence viability stain applied as one staining solution for rapid detection of live Legionella pneumophila in mixed bacterial populations. Instead of sequential viability staining with the Invitrogen BacLight LIVE/DEAD staining kit follow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of fluorescence 2021-09, Vol.31 (5), p.1425-1432
Main Authors:	John, Jeremy J., May, Christopher J., Bruno, John G.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Air conditioners Analytical Chemistry Antibodies Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Biophysics Biotechnology Color Cooling towers Enumeration Fluorescence Fluorescent Antibody Technique Immunofluorescence Legionella pneumophila Legionnaires' disease bacterium Original Article Physical growth Populations Propidium Staining Stains & staining Viability
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Summary:	This report describes a combined immunofluorescence and fluorescence viability stain applied as one staining solution for rapid detection of live Legionella pneumophila in mixed bacterial populations. Instead of sequential viability staining with the Invitrogen BacLight LIVE/DEAD staining kit followed by antibody-Alexa Fluor (AF) 647 conjugate staining to identify live L. pneumophila , a combined single cocktail solution staining protocol was developed to simplify and accelerate the time to detection of viable L. pneumophila serogroup-1 (SG-1) in mixed species populations on a filter membrane. The stain cocktail will aid in accelerating fluorescence microscopic analysis of cooling tower, air conditioner and water fountain or other liquid samples for the presence of L. pneumophila and its viability status. Visibly red stained cells were identified as dead non- L. pneumophila SG-1 cells, while green fluorescing cells represented viable non- L. pneumophila SG-1 cells. Due to also staining red with antibody-AF 647, L. pneumophila SG-1 cells were pseudocolorized as blue to distinguish them from other dead cells. Fluorescence color emission mixing from the viability dyes (SYTO 9 and propidium iodide) with antibody-AF 647 stained L. pneumophila led to other fluorescent colors. For example, green plus pseudocolorized blue AF 647-antibody- labeled cells were identified as live cyan-colored L. pneumophila SG-1 cells. Magenta-colored cells resulted from dead L. pneumophila cells that combined red propidium iodide with blue pseudocolorized AF 647-antibody emissions. Analysis of measured RGB (red, green, blue) color values in microscopic images of mixed bacterial populations suggests the possibility of facile automated discrimination of subpopulations of live and dead L. pneumophila and non- L. pneumophila species by computers in 3-dimensional RGB color space after staining in the combined cocktail which will save time for more rapid microscopic detection of potential sources of Legionnaire’s disease.
ISSN:	1053-0509 1573-4994