In vivo evaluation of anti-Leishmania activity of alkyltriazoles and alkylphosphocholines by oral route

The failures in the treatment of leishmaniasis is an increasing problem around the world, especially related to resistance. Thus, we describe the synthesis and in vivo anti-Leishmania activity of alkylphosphocholine and alkyltriazoles; besides, their likely action mechanisms stem from some eventual...

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Published in:Experimental parasitology 2021-07, Vol.226-227, p.108123-108123, Article 108123
Main Authors: Gontijo, Vanessa Silva, Colombo, Fabio Antônio, Ferreira Espuri, Patrícia, Freitas, Poliany Graziella de, Nunes, Juliana Barbosa, Alves, Levy Bueno, Veloso, Márcia Paranho, Alves, Rosemeire Brondi, Freitas, Rossimiriam Pereira, Marques, Marcos José
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkylphosphocholine
Alkyltriazole
In vivo activity
Molecular docking
qPCR
Visceral leishmaniasis
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Summary:The failures in the treatment of leishmaniasis is an increasing problem around the world, especially related to resistance. Thus, we describe the synthesis and in vivo anti-Leishmania activity of alkylphosphocholine and alkyltriazoles; besides, their likely action mechanisms stem from some eventual inhibition of parasite enzymes using computational tools. These compounds were tested in an in vivo hamster model infected with Leishmania Leishmania infantum chagasi. Fifty days after parasite inoculation, the two compounds 12-azidedodecylphosphocholine (3) and 3-(1-(12-fluorododecyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propano-1-ol (9), were separately administered once a day as oral suspensions (25 and 12.5 mg/kg/day, respectively) during ten days, and their efficacy was compared to the reference compound pentavalent antimonial Glucantime (GLU). Compound 3 significantly reduced the number of parasites in the spleen (4.93 × 102 amastigotes/g) and liver (4.52 × 103 amastigotes/g). Compound 9 reduced the number of amastigotes in the spleen to 1.30 × 104 and 1.36 × 103 amastigotes/g in the liver. GLU was the most effective overall treatment (7.50 × 101 and 2.28 × 102 amastigotes/g in the spleen and liver, respectively). The high activity levels of these compounds in vivo may stem from their high in vitro leishmanicidal activity and lipophilicity. The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies also showed some anti-Leishmania potential. Compound 9 had more lipophilic characteristics than those of compound 3. In silico studies of the nine enzymes of compounds 3 and 9 showed significant evidence of interactions with nicotimidase and tyrosine aminotransferase, demonstrating possible inhibition enzymes present in L. (L.) infantum chagasi. These compounds could be a promising template for developing a new class of leishmanicidal agents, by oral route, and deserve further investigation to explore different therapeutic regimens. [Display omitted] •Synthesis and in vivo anti-Leishmania activity of alkylphosphocholine and alkyltriazoles, besides their likely action mechanisms.•The high activity levels of these compounds in vivo may stem from their high in vitro leishmanicidal activity and lipophilicity.•The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies also showed promising profiles.•12-azidedodecylphosphocholine (3) and 3-(1-(12-fluorododecyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propano-1-ol (9), showed higher levels of activity against L. (L.) infa
ISSN:0014-4894
1090-2449
DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108123