Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice

Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adi...

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Published in:Life sciences (1973) 2021-08, Vol.278, p.119639-119639, Article 119639
Main Authors: Costa, Juliana Sales Rodrigues, Fonseca, Graciene Fernandes Araújo Campos, Ottone, Natielle Cecília dos Santos, Silva, Patrick Almeida, Antonaccio, Romulo Fernandes, Silva, Gabriela, Rocha, Maíra da Silva Almeida, Coimbra, Candido Celso, Esteves, Elizabethe Adriana, Mang, Zachary A., Amorim, Fabiano Trigueiro, Magalhães, Flávio de Castro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - physiology
Animal tissues
Animals
Citrate synthase
Diet
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
Glucose
Glucose metabolism
Glucose tolerance
Heat shock protein 72
Heat shock proteins
High fat diet
Hsp72 protein
Hypertrophy
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Muscle Strength
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Obesity
Physical Conditioning, Animal
Physical training
Resistance Training
Skeletal muscle
Sports training
Strength training
Training
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Summary:Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size. [Display omitted] •Strength training (ST) improved insulin resistance (IR) in high-fat fed mice.•Citrate synthase increased in skeletal muscle after ST.•Citrate synthase did not increase in adipose after ST.•Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) increased in skeletal muscle after ST.•Increase in citrate synthase and Hsp72 in muscle seem related to improved IR after ST.
ISSN:0024-3205
1879-0631
DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119639