Soybean Processing Mill Waste Plus Vermicompost Enhances Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum Production

This study considered soybean processing mill waste (hulls) as an organic substrate for mass multiplication of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on sorghum and amaranthus as hosts. In the first experiment, from seven soybean processing mill wastes, three wastes were evaluated for their ab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current microbiology 2021-07, Vol.78 (7), p.2595-2607
Main Authors: Agnihotri, Richa, Pandey, Ashu, Bharti, Abhishek, Chourasiya, Dipanti, Maheshwari, Hemant S., Ramesh, Aketi, Billore, Sunil D., Sharma, Mahaveer P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidic soils
Agricultural production
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Colonization
Composting
Fatty acids
Fungi
Glycine max
Host plants
Hulls
Inoculum
Life Sciences
Lipids
Mass production
Microbiology
Multiplication
Mycorrhizae
Phospholipids
Plant Roots
Populations
Principal components analysis
Roots
Sand
Sandy soils
Soil
Soil amendment
Soil density
Soil Microbiology
Soils
Sorghum
Soybeans
Substrates
Vermicomposting
Wastes
Worms
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Summary:This study considered soybean processing mill waste (hulls) as an organic substrate for mass multiplication of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on sorghum and amaranthus as hosts. In the first experiment, from seven soybean processing mill wastes, three wastes were evaluated for their ability to multiply AM fungi on the two host plants. Among these wastes, hulls were found to be promising for the multiplication of AM fungi and were further examined in a second experiment in combination with vermicompost (VC), a mix of hulls plus vermicompost (SH + VC) amended with soil: sand mix (3:1 v/v) and a soil–sand mix used as a control (SS) in polybags containing the previous two host species. We found that SH blended with VC significantly improved AM fungus production in sorghum polybags assessed through microscopic (spore density in soil, colonization in roots) and biochemical parameters (AM signature lipids in soil: 16:1ω5cis neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA); phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) g −1 soil; 16:1ω5cis ester lipid fatty acid (ELFA) g −1 both in soil and roots; and glomalin content in soil. SH + VC contained significantly greater AM fungus populations than the other substrate combinations examined. Principal component analysis (PCA) also identified sorghum as a potential host supporting AM fungus populations particularly when grown under SH + VC conditions. Hence, the combination of soybean hulls and vermicompost was found to be a promising substrate for the mass production of AM fungi using sorghum as a host. These findings have important implications for developing AM fungus inoculum production strategies at the commercial scale.
ISSN:0343-8651
1432-0991
DOI:10.1007/s00284-021-02532-7