Physiological measurements of facial skin response under personal protective equipment

Medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs) were traditionally associated with skin-contacting medical devices applied to patients, eventually causing tissue damage. The coronavirus-2019 pandemic has brought a new variant of MDRPUs: facial skin irritation or damage associated with extended use o...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2021-08, Vol.120, p.104566-104566, Article 104566
Main Authors: Peko, Lea, Ovadia-Blechman, Zehava, Hoffer, Oshrit, Gefen, Amit
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Infrared thermography
Medical device-related pressure ulcers
Personal protective equipment
Prophylactic dressings
Subepidermal moisture
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs) were traditionally associated with skin-contacting medical devices applied to patients, eventually causing tissue damage. The coronavirus-2019 pandemic has brought a new variant of MDRPUs: facial skin irritation or damage associated with extended use of protective personal equipment (PPE), e.g. facemasks and respirators. In this context, we report here a comprehensive experimental evaluation including facial contact forces, skin temperatures and sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) measurements pre/post-PPE usage, to determine how these physiological parameters change under the effects of surgical facemasks and KN95 respirators and whether such potential changes can explain the commonly reported skin irritation or damage. We found that a surgical mask is potentially less irritating to facial skin than the KN95 respirator, as it applies lower forces and facilitates faster return of facial temperatures to their basal levels. Further, we demonstrated that use of dressing cuts for padding under a KN95 respirator considerably reduced localized forces and did not worsen the thermal and SEM readings at the skin-device contact sites. This study provides a basis for improvement of PPE designs, as it describes physiological measurement methodologies for quantitative comparisons of the effects of different PPE types on facial skin status. •Facial skin irritation under personal protective equipment emerged in the pandemic.•We measured contact forces, temperatures and sub-epidermal moisture in facial skin.•Both the surgical mask and respirator types of protective equipment were evaluated.•Surgical masks are found to induce less irritating skin conditions than respirators.•The present measurements are the first quantitative comparisons in this regard.
ISSN:1751-6161
1878-0180
DOI:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104566